The 2018 Lexus LC 500 and 500h grand touring coupes are striking and refined in ways that will make buyers in the prestige/luxury sector of $100,000+ cars take notice, though the LC 500h hybrid slides in just below that mark with a base price of $96,510. Just 400 of these new models are being produced each month, which means there’s also an element of exclusivity that prestige car buyers and early adopters seek.

In Toyota’s sights are competitive models like the Mercedes SL, Jaguar F-Type and BMW 650i, high-end cars that can serve as daily drivers while highly capable as international touring vehicles. The LC 500 coupes keep the romance of crossing Europe safely at high speed and comfort a practical reality. Note that the LC 500h is particularly fuel efficient for a high-performance car, given its EPA rating of 26 city and 35 highway mpg.

These coupes have an entirely new platform designated as GA-L (Global Architecture - Luxury). Design goals achieved are a low center of gravity for improved handling and chassis stiffness that exceeds even the half-million dollar Lexus LFA supercar. These characteristics were well-proved during drives where roll and lean were never an issue in tight corners, even as the model delivered high marks for comfort and handling.

We had the opportunity to drive and compare both the 471 horsepower V-8 and the 345 horsepower Multi-Stage Hybrid V-6 with twin electric motors. Both versions have their own personality with only three-tenths of a second performance differential from 0-60 mph, in favor of the V-8. Our focus here is on the 500h and what makes it a distinctive and top contender for prestige clients.

Power in the LC 500h is derived from an Atkinson-cycle, 3.5-liter V-6 with direct fuel injection, variable value timing, and a redline at 6,600 rpm. This engine accounts for 295 horsepower and 256 lb-ft torque. The hybrid system allows the LC 500h to operate with the gas engine off at speeds up to 87 mph.

The hybrid system includes twin MG1 and MG2 permanent magnet motor-generators. MGI’s primary function is generator, engine starter, and control of engine speed. MG2 drives the rear wheels and handles regenerative braking. The car’s compact lithium-ion battery is comprised of 84 cells and is located between the rear seats and luggage compartment. Total system power is 354 horsepower, sufficient to deliver 0-60 mph acceleration in 4.7 seconds, outstanding for a car that weighs 4,435 pounds. Top speed in electronically limited to 155 mph. Rather than aiming at being a track star, this is a 2+2 designed for safe touring in comfort at speed.

Hybrid Synergy Drive has evolved in the LC 500h. The hybrid powertrain retains its planetary-type, continuously variable transmission and has added a unique four-speed transmission. Working in concert, the two gears alter output in four stages to utilize the V-6 engine across the entire speed range. In M mode, the two gear sets act together to provide the effect of 10 ratios, giving the LC 500h a highly engaging feel and allowing the driver to shift though the ratios with paddle shifters.

Sport, Performance, and Touring Packages further personalize the LC5 500h. As expected in this level of automobile, all the latest safety systems are standard and include pre-collision with pedestrian detection, all-speed radar cruise control, lane departure with steering assist, sway warning, and an intelligent high beam headlamp system.

A signature Lexus spindle grill gives the LC 500h a distinctive and highly-recognizable look. In this application Lexus designed a unique mesh texture that changes visual tension as it spreads across the front of the car. Adding to the sleek look of the front end are ultra-compact triple LED headlamps with functional venting that adds aerodynamic stability and cooling.

Chrome plated moldings along the edge of the roof are meant to represent the lines of a traditional Japanese sword. Even the rear tail lights have a design element not previously seen, using mirrors to create a three-dimensional series of L-shaped graphics. The LC 500h rides on standard 20-inch cast aluminum wheels with run-flat 245/45RF20 tires up front and 275/40RF20 at the rear. Front brakes have 6 piston calipers with 4 piston calipers used at the rear.

The coupe’s monotone interior is exquisite with controls that are intuitive and require little movement to reach. An 8-inch LCD display with Eco driving indicator is set low in the cockpit. Door handles are sculpted in satin chrome. Alcantara-covered door panels feature a wave effect that complements the lines of the dash. All interior stitching is done by hand.

Happily, Lexus designers have retained an upright gearshift lever rather than resorting to a ‘pop-up’ dial shifter. Multimedia features combine a graphic user interface with upgradeable software, along with latest remote-touch interface touchpad. The instrument binnacle is unique in its singular look and design and is the lasted version of thin-film transistor display technology, first introduced in the LFA supercar. Traditional it is not, and it may be setting the new contemporary look for functionality. Our LC 500h test car came equipped with the optional Mark Levinson 835 watt, 7.1 channel, 13 speaker sound system tailored to the LC interior. This system includes Harmon Clari-Fi music tech that analyzes and improves the sound quality of compressed digitized music.

Toyota’s new flagship coupe is important to the company, a point driven home by the automaker’s commitment of a billion dollars over a five-year development period to launch the LC 500 and 500h grand touring coupes. We’re confident these will be well-received by prestige car buyers looking for efficiency and performance in a no-holds-barred, utterly distinctive, and imminently pleasurable vehicle.

Chrysler calls the Pacifica Hybrid ‘the reinvention of the minivan segment,’ and it is. In fact, Chrysler actually created the segment over 30 years ago with its Dodge Caravan/Plymouth Voyager/Chrysler Town and Country models, so it’s fitting that the next logical step – the industry’s first-ever plug-in hybrid minivan – come from this automaker.

Pacifica delivers big on many levels including practicality, comfort, and technology. This minivan, and its conventionally-powered counterpart, has come to market with nearly 40 firsts for the minivan segment, plus 115 minivan innovations on these models alone. To enhance fuel economy, Pacifica Hybrid even offers an ‘efficiency coach’ to instruct you for the most efficient driving. As expected there’s is a smartphone app providing charge status, scheduling, and most importantly locations nationwide for charging.

One of many details that stand out on this minivan are  sliding door tracks lines hidden under the rear quarter glass, adding to the smooth and unbroken lines of the Pacifica. The Hybrid has its own unique interior colors combining Black and Alloy with Anodized Ice Cave accents, Ice Blue stitching, and Black piping. The blue stitching on the seats and dash have the look of a luxury sedan or sports car. An 8.4 inch UConnect touchscreen integrates seamlessly into the dash with a glossy screen allowing for higher contrast. The model’s optional tri-pane panoramic sunroof lends a perceived open-air spaciousness to the roomy interior. Hands-free sliding doors and liftgate add to the minivan’s convenience.

Contributing to the hybrid’s weight balance is a 16 kWh lithium battery pack that stows beneath the second-row floor. The only downside is that the gas version’s ability to stow second row seats under the floor is sacrificed since the Hybrid’s battery is now utilizing that space. Creating a flat floor for carrying gear is still possible but requires physically removing the pair of second row seats and leaving them at home. The third-row does ‘Stow-in-Go’ as designed. While the Hybrid seats seven rather than eight like in the gas version, the upside is that the second row seats are captain’s chairs that add comfort and a chauffeur-driven car feeling.

Chrysler initially projected 80 MPGe (miles-per-gallon equivalent) while driving solely on battery power. Official EPA figures now put that electric driving figure at a higher 84 MPGe, with a combined 32 mpg when running in hybrid mode. EPA testing has also confirmed a battery electric range of 33 miles and total driving range of 570 miles, a nice bump up from the 30 electric miles and 530 mile overall driving range the automaker originally projected. Plus, EPA has assigned the all-new minivan a rating of 10 in its Green Vehicle Guide, marking the first time a minivan has achieved the guide’s highest possible rating.

Pacifica Hybrid accomplishes all this even with an extra 650 pounds of weight over the gas variant – 4,943 pounds for the Hybrid compared to 4,330 pounds for the gas model. Chalk that differential up to the Hybrid’s battery weight and unique plug-in hybrid componentry. For comparison, the gas Pacifica delivers 18 city and 28 highway mpg, with a combined 22 mpg. A drag coefficient of .30 contributes to the mileage figures of both versions. EPA estimates the annual fuel cost of gas and electricity combined to be $850.

Pacifica operates in electric mode whenever possible. During our test drive we noticed no change when the electric charge was used up and Pacifica switched to hybrid mode. The Hybrid has an Atkinson cycle 3.6 liter Pentastar V-6 producing an estimated 260 horsepower that’s coupled to a dual-motor, electrically variable transmission (ETV). A one-way clutch enables the motor typically used as a generator to also deliver torque to the wheels, depending on driving conditions. The minivan’s battery can be recharged with a supplied 120 volt charger in 14 hours or in just 2 hours using a home or public 240 volt charger.

The conventional Pacifica is rated to tow 3,600 pounds but towing is not recommend for the Hybrid variant. The Hybrid also has a smaller gas tank at 16.5 gallons compared to the standard 19 gallon tank, although the Hybrid has greater overall driving range. Braking uses standard 13” vented rotors front and rear and ABS. An added benefit with the Hybrid is its regenerative braking that converts kinetic energy to electricity while braking and coast-down, thus adding to driving range by charging the battery.

Manufactures realize that sales are now driven by tech as much as anything on new models. Chrysler engineers and designers have delivered in this regard by offering over 100 standard or available safety and security features. Some highlights are the Pacifica’s 360-degree Surround View camera that includes a bird’s eye view of vehicle surroundings. The model’s Uconnect Theater system offers 7- or 8.4- inch screens while sound systems range from six to 13 speaker Alpine systems or 20 speaker Harman Kardon audio. Six USB ports are standard.

The Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid comes in two models – Premium at $41,995 or Platinum at $44,995. It qualifies for a $7,500 federal tax credit and may qualify for additional state and local incentives that bring its price down considerably, to as low as $34,495 with the federal credit and even lower with other potential incentives.

The 2017 Kia Optima seeks to deliver it all – sleek styling, pleasing ride and handling, and an accommodating cabin with the latest electronics. It also aims to compete with the likes of the Honda Accord and Ford Fusion lines with a choice of gasoline, hybrid, and plug-in hybrid versions within the Optima lineup. The all-new fourth generation Optima introduced in the 2016 model year brought styling and mechanical updates to the gasoline model plus the promise of an updated hybrid and all-new plug-in hybrid for 2017.

Part of Kia Motors’ environmentally friendly EcoDynamics sub-brand, the Optima seeks to provide an environmental edge with each of the vehicles in its lineup. Even the conventional gasoline Optima offers desired efficiency with 1.6-liter four-cylinder turbo, 2.0-liter turbo, and 2.4-liter GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) four-cylinder engine options, with the 1.6-liter turbo delivery up to 37 highway mpg. The 2.0- and 2.4-liter engines connect to a six-speed automatic transmission with Sportmatic shifting, while the 1.6-liter gets a new seven-speed dual clutch transmission (DCT) that improves both acceleration and fuel efficiency.

Kia has improved the Optima hybrid with a new 2.0-liter direct injected four-cylinder that replaces the previous 2.4-liter engine. The new 154 horsepower engine connects to a 51 horsepower electric motor and clutch that replaces the transmission’s traditional torque converter. A larger 1.62 kilowatt-hour, high-density lithium-polymer battery pack fits beneath the trunk floor without compromising cargo space or interfering with the Optima’s 60/40 split-folding rear seats. It is EPA rated at 39 mpg in the city and 46 mpg on the highway

The Optima Plug-in Hybrid uses the same 2.0-liter engine as the Optima Hybrid but adds a more powerful 67 horsepower motor for better all-electric performance. With its 9.8 kilowatt-hour battery pack, the Optima PHEV can travel up to 27 miles on electricity alone. Total range for the model in electric and hybrid driving is more than 600 miles. As in the hybrid, the plug-in’s new battery pack is strategically placed behind the rear seat and tire well to avoid compromising trunk space. Charging the battery takes three hours from a 240-volt charger, or nine hours with a 120-volt charger. It nets 40 combined city/highway mpg and 103 MPGe on battery power.

Optima is available with the latest driver assistance technology either as standard or optional equipment. These include driver aids like a rear-camera display, 360-degree Surround-View Monitor, and a Rear Parking Assist System. Also available are Bi-Xenon HID headlights with Dynamic Bending Lamps and High Beam Assist. Advanced safety systems include Smart Cruise Control, Blind Spot Detection with Lane Change Assist, Rear Cross Traffic Alert, Front Collision Warning System, Lane Departure Warning, and Autonomous Emergency Braking.

The price of entry for the conventionally-powered Optima is $22,200 with the hybrid variant coming in at $25,595. Kia has not yet disclosed the MSRP of its coming plug-in model.

Green Car Journal’s recent drive of Honda’s new Clarity Fuel Cell in Los Angeles delivered what we expect from Honda. Simply, our experience with this sleek and high-tech hydrogen sedan during the Green Car Tour ride-and-drive at GreenBuild 2017 underscored how seamless Honda has made driving a hydrogen powered electric vehicle. Now, others are enjoying the experience as well since the first retail deliveries of Honda’s third-generation Clarity Fuel Cell model have taken place in Southern California. This marks yet another milestone for this automaker as it sets its sights on growing a hydrogen vehicle market.

According to Steve Center, vice-president of American Honda’s Environmental Development Office, this is just the beginning as Honda continues to roll out the new Clarity series of electrified vehicles. Based on an earlier discussion at the LA Auto Show with Honda public relations lead Sage Marie, plus reading between the lines of previous announcements, it’s expected that the present ‘world’ Clarity FCEV will serve as the manufacturing platform for Honda’s electrified lineup including, but not limited to, a plug-in gasoline/electric hybrid, an extended range stand-alone battery EV, and eventually an electrified crossover or SUV offering. While looking at the futuristic body line of this production five-passenger fuel cell electric vehicle, we are in fact also looking at Honda’s near-future autonomous driving design directive.Dictated by low-drag aerodynamics and inspired by the ‘folded wings of a bird,’ the Clarity brings an eye pleasing and futuristic four-door, five-passenger sedan to the world of hydrogen fueled electric cars and SUVs. Clarity begins with specifically compounded low friction tires, aerodynamic wheels, and slip-stream designed roof and side panels engaged to reduce fuel consumption and maximize the power generated through Clarity’s efficient hydrogen fuel cell generator. With a range of 366 miles between fill ups, the Clarity features greater electric-drive range than Tesla’s Model S.

Thanks to Honda’s downsized yet super-efficient hydrogen fuel cell, Clarity also comes to market with greater interior passenger volume and trunk space than Toyota’s hydrogen Mirai. Here, one discovers a minimalist yet rather spacious world of well-balanced, driver-centered features inspired by the executive office work place. A large touchscreen monitor, informative eye-forward gauge cluster, graph bar, and heads-up display intuitively inform the driver. Pleasing leather, hard and soft plastic molded surfaces, a hint of wood, and brushed metals surround driver and passengers. This may in fact be one of the finest-finished interiors in Honda’s stable.

On the business side, the initial Clarity offering is presently exclusive to Southern California at 12 select Honda dealerships where nearby hydrogen fueling stations are readily available. Among the first lessees are Jon Spallino, private securities investor and the world's first individual fuel cell vehicle customer. Jon began with the 2005 Honda FCX fuel cell vehicle and the new Clarity Fuel Cell is his third hydrogen-powered Honda. Also taking initial delivery were Jack Cusick, assistant principal of Newport Harbor High School; Jackie Keller, founder of NutriFit healthy meal services; Jim Salomon, president at Questar Construction; Karen Thorp, deputy district attorney for the County of Los Angeles; and Terry Tamminen, CEO of the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation.

Clarity may be leased in select markets for $369 per month with $2868 due at signing. Honda provides some enticing incentives including a generous mileage allowance of 20,000 miles per year and a fuel allowance of up to $15,000 in hydrogen fuel. Also provided are an Avis luxury rental car allowance for vacations and other extended trips plus 24/7 roadside assistance.

Italian-based Alcantara S.p.A., a major worldwide supplier of Alcantara material used in fashion and high-end automotive, yachting, and aviation interiors, has a major focus on sustainability and carbon neutrality. In recent years, the company has forwarded discussion of sustainability in the auto industry through symposiums with participation by leading automotive leaders, academics, and NGOs. This year’s 3rd International Symposium on Sustainability, Sustainability and Corporate Value, was held in partnership with Nikkei, Waseda University, and Venice International University with the support of the Society of Global Business.

While attending Alcantara's symposium this year in Tokyo, Japan, Green Car Journal had the honor of interviewing Alcantara’s CEO and Chairman Andrea Boragno.

Mr. Boragno’s message is one of being a ‘good corporate neighbor’ and the brand-building benefits of sustainability, which includes a low-to-no carbon footprint as well as chemical recycling, water and power conservation, and resource preservation. All this, he points out, also has a direct and important relationship to the retention of employees, suppliers, and corporate partners.

The message as such is contagiously compelling. According to Boragno and others, giving back to a community though ‘good’ job creation, care of employees, and related community service is more often than not the key to long-term business sustainability. And, the ‘greener’ the better. In practice, corporate sustainability through improved consumer perception can in fact be as simple as sponsoring the construction of a community walking bridge over a creek or river.

It is interesting to note that in Japan, it’s not uncommon to find companies with 500-year track records that are cornerstones in their respective communities, employing families for generations.

By ‘walking the talk,’ as they say, Boragno has doubled automotive and specialty fabric manufacturer Alcantara's bottom line in a mere five year period to $180 million, for fiscal year 2016. It did so while living his message of being a corporate good neighbor through sustainable practices, a mantra that rings true not only in Tokyo but throughout our global community.

The fact that Alcantara realized sustainable and measurable fiscal growth at the tail-end of a world-wide recession – all the while retaining staff and facility – is in itself a tribute to sustainable corporate and business practice. That factoid was not lost on this year’s crowded hall of mostly Japanese business leaders and world press members.

Here's the short story gained from this symposium: At the end of the day, excessive corporate greed and subsequent short-term profit gained at the expense of the worker, the consumer, the ecology, and the world economy is no longer acceptable behavior. In practice, management misbehavior can and does result in the loss of business and good standing in the business community – more often than not at the expense of the consumer and stockholder.

To Boragno and Alcantara, in order to remain sustainable business must be conducted to the benefit of all participating in the manufacturing of a product, its end-users, and their community. From this perspective, it’s a matter of positive intent merging with honest business practice, to the benefit of all principals to the deal.

Furthermore, we live in a world community brought ever closer by the 24/7 informational access of the Worldwide Web. For good or for bad, what happens in Milan, Tokyo, or Standing Rock, Dakota touches the lives of all of us, emotionally if nothing else. Awareness is on the rise and corporations can no longer afford to ignore the obvious – that without sustainable practice, it’s just a matter of time before we run out of resources, both human and capital.

On the car side of this story, today we see major automotive manufacturers embracing electrification. While some say this is simply in the quest for California Air Resources Board (CARB) and EPA emissions compliance, others look at this differently. As reported over many years by Green Car Journal, the reinvention of the car as is much more than that – an awakening as such – stalled temporarily by cheap and plentiful gasoline, in the U.S. anyway. Not so much so in Tokyo, where we discovered that all taxis and the majority of late-model privately owned cars and light trucks are gasoline/electric hybrid. Tokyo is, in-fact, an exercise in sustainability.

OUR TAKE: TOKYO AS A LESSON IN TRANSPORT SUSTAINABILITY

Walking around the rather narrow and zero clearance property-lined streets of downtown Tokyo, we experienced an inner calm generally reserved for a serene wooded environment. Yet nary a tree was to be found. And there it sat, a Vespa scooter shop. Base model Italian Scooters start at an equivalent $5,000 here. They are a luxury.

Yes, there is no shortage of cars and work trucks in Tokyo. However, the majority of personal vehicles are small, most commercial trucks are mini, and bicycles of all shapes and sizes –manually peddled or high-tech electrified – would appear to be the transportation of choice for the Tokyoite who does not opt for public transportation.

In Japan, from what we visually and verbally gathered, the majority does not hold the automobile in awe, as most Americans do. It’s simply a method of getting from point ‘A’ to point ‘B’ -- a very expensive one at that.

Here in the home of eight major automotive manufacturers, for the majority of Tokyo residents cars are simply not a financially attainable or fiscally responsible alternative to public transportation, walking, or riding a bicycle. Once off the major boulevards, side streets are horse-cart-narrow with postage stamp building lots that often support structures that boggle the senses as they thrust skyward, competing for sun with ancient two-story structures, some dating back a century or more. There is very little room here for a car on the streets of Tokyo, much less a place to park and maintain one.

THEN THERE’S THE KEI CAR

You won’t see full sized SUVs crossovers or opulent luxo-cruisers plying the streets of Tokyo. Citizens here feel compelled to buy small cars for ease of parking, greater fuel efficiency, and to take advantage of sales tax incentives as high as 50 percent. And then there are the additional considerations of size constraints, government regulatory restrictions, import tariffs and luxury tax.

It’s all part of a sustainability mindset, really. There exists an interesting absence of trash on the streets of Tokyo and the air is clean in Tokyo. As to private car ownership, it comes down to personal acceptance as such, with little-to-no sense of loss of freedom in relationship to personal car ownership.

Looking at Japan’s Kei car, it’s easy to understand the value of Japan’s transport sensibility as it pertains to life in a city of 8 million. The Kei class minicar, brought into the automotive mainstream through government mandate, is simply a logical step up from the electrified Yamaha bicycle parked next to it – both statements of non-compromised sustainability.

At any measure, with an aging population, a dependence on imported fuel, a fluctuating world currency, and a building populace trending toward bicycle, public, or bipedal transportation, it’s predicted by Honda Motor Company and others that when it comes to private car ownership in Japan, the road to sustainability is one of electrified mini-cars and light trucks. This makes dollars and sense to the Japanese people, so perhaps we should take heed. Bullet train anyone?

We’ve been driving our 2016 Honda HR-V long-term test car for just over six months now and have enjoyed our daily experiences with this ‘right-size’ crossover vehicle. Based on the Honda Fit platform, the HR-V won top honors in last year’s 2016 Green SUV of the Year™ program. It impresses for a wide variety of important reasons, not the least of which is its ability to do its job extremely well – and might we add very efficiently – without the need for exotic powertrain technology.

The HR-V is propelled by a 1.8-liter, 140 horsepower four-cylinder that provides an admirable balance of performance and economy, as we’ve come to expect from Honda over the years. This i-VTEC 16-valve engine delivers power through a CVT automatic transmission that’s standard on all-wheel drive model like our HR-V EX-L Navi AWD tester. Unlike many constant velocity transmissions, the CVT in the HR-V has a pleasingly positive feel under both acceleration and braking. To further enhance the driving experience, the HR-V can be switched to Sport Mode, with dual paddle shifters providing more control over the CVT. A six-speed manual transmission is standard fare on front-drive variants with the CVT optional.

When introduced, the two-wheel drive CVT model scored an EPA fuel economy rating of 28 mpg in the city and 35 mpg on the highway, with the AWD version netting a slightly lower EPA mpg rating of 27 city and 32 highway mpg. With our typical efficient driving style we’ve found that we can regularly achieve average fuel economy of 32 mpg. During economical cruising on the highway, the HRV can easily be coaxed into the mid- to upper-30 mpg range.

For those who would like a little help with efficient driving, Honda has incorporated its Eco-Assist technology into the HR-V. Pushing the green ECON button on the dash programs the engine and transmission computer controls to operate at peak efficiency. A visual aide around the speedometer changes color to serve as an alert to indicate when the HR-V is being driven economically. Green is very efficient, light green is good, and white not so good, the latter typically displayed under conditions like hard acceleration.

Considering the HR-V’s compact exterior dimensions, interior space is impressive, particularly in the rear cargo area. With the rear seats folded flat it can swallow up nearly 59 cubic feet of gear, while offering the versatility of Honda’s fold-up rear bottom seat cushions for carrying taller items.

It’s common for most vehicles to offer a split folding rear seat these days, but Honda has taken rear seat versatility a step further with its innovative Magic Seat in the HR-V. In its basic form it functions as a 60/40 split bench that can be folded flat for longer cargo. The Magic Seat, however, can also accommodate taller cargo upright by folding the seat bottom up against the seat back for maximum vertical room. Beyond interior innovations like this, we are also impressed with the overall fit and finish found throughout the HR-V.

Most surprising is the way the HR-V adapts to everyday life. It is unassuming and friendly for those days when you just require transportation, yet fun to drive when you want to really take control and enjoy the driving experience. When driving gets a little more spirited, the HR-V’s solid feel, steering response, and braking performance instills confidence on the road. It accomplishes this without compromising comfort and ride characteristics. This is a vehicle you can drive cross-country with minimal fatigue.

With just over 7,000 enjoyable miles now on the odometer, we’ve found our long-term HR-V compact crossover fulfilling so many missions well, we just can’t imagine life without this in our test fleet. We’re looking forward to many more miles behind the wheel of Honda’s award-winning Honda HR-V. We’ll follow up a bit down the road with some Midwest cold and winter weather performance with the HR-V’s all-wheel-drive system.

Chevrolet's second generation 2016 Volt features sportier styling, better performance, and a lighter and more powerful two-motor drive system than the generation that came before it. The five-passenger, extended range electric now drives up to 53 miles on batteries alone, with its 1.5-liter, four-cylinder engine-generator creating electricity to deliver an overall 420 mile range. If range anxiety is one of your concerns with electric cars, that needn’t be even a distant thought here.

These are just a few of the many reasons why the 2016 Volt won Green Car Journal’s 2016 Green Car of the Year®, and not coincidentally why we’ve been living with the Volt during a year-long extended test to analyze what it’s like to experience this vehicle on a daily basis. After 8500 miles behind the wheel in urban, rural, and open-road driving, we have to say this is about as ideal an electric vehicle as one could want. Really...it's that good. Anyone who says otherwise has not spent enough time in the second-generation Volt.

During early drives, it was obvious that the all-new Volt would fulfill a diversity of missions without breaking a sweat. Typical commutes and drives around town? No problem, zero emissions all the way. A journey of a thousand miles for work or vacation? Also no issues with the Volt’s overall driving range and the benefit of an EPA estimated 106 MPGe when driving on batteries, and 42 combined mpg while operating on electricity from the Volt’s engine-generator.

While our Volt is typically used for daily zero-emission commuting duty, we’ve now pressed it into service on many extended road trips over the 8,500 miles it’s been in our long-term test fleet. Green Car Journal editors have found it an ideal vehicle for all possible uses.

The 2016 Volt is a pleasure to drive and exhibits satisfying levels of acceleration in both battery and extended-range modes. It’s loaded with advanced electronics and features most desired by drivers today. Among our favorite features is this electric’s adaptive cruise control that keeps pace with the car ahead, a feature used often on shorter hops on the interstate and always during extended journeys. Regen-on-Demand, first used in the Cadillac ELR, is a welcome addition that adds to driving fun and efficiency. Squeezing a steering-wheel paddle instantly engages aggressive regenerative braking that slows the car and generates electricity for the battery, while releasing the paddle immediately returns a normal driving state. Normal regenerative braking always works in the background.

Chevrolet did all this with the 2016 Volt, and more, at an entry point of $33,170 that goes considerably lower with federal and state incentives. We’ll be taking this one out from the test fleet every opportunity we get.

The tires we roll on have characteristics that can differ greatly. Carefully chosen, a new set of tires can make your time behind the wheel quieter and the ride smoother, while others can deliver a harsher ride and transmit an unacceptable level of road noise to the cabin. Tire designs and compounds can also greatly influence handling and performance, which is one of many reasons tire manufacturers devote so much time and resources to advanced tire development and then proving their prowess on the track.

Beyond a focus on ride quality, performance, and tire life, an important trend in recent years has been the continuing refinement of low rolling resistance (LRR) tires that aim to improve fuel efficiency. Such tires are used on virtually every electric and hybrid vehicle for obvious reasons. Many automakers also equip their conventional vehicles with LRR tires since every little bit helps on the way to achieving the best possible fleet mpg average for their model lineup. All are keenly aware of the challenges ahead in meeting the mandated Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) requirement of 54.5 mpg by 2025. Driving on tires with lower rolling resistance is a small but important part of the strategy.

Tire rolling resistance has the potential to positively influence urban fuel economy up to 4 percent and 7 percent on the open road. As a rule of thumb, a 10 percent reduction in tire rolling resistance will result in a one to two percent improvement in vehicle fuel economy. Hyundai presents a great example. The automaker’s Sonata Eco model gains about one mpg more in the city and three on the highway mainly through the use of LRR tires and smaller wheels, in this case 17-inch versus 19-inch on the standard model.

Drivers shouldn’t be surprised if fuel efficiency actually drops when worn tires are replaced with new LRR tires, even if they’re the same size, type, and brand. Simply, as tires wear their rolling resistance gradually drops, about 20 percent during the life of a tire as the tread depth and mass decreases. The payoff will come over time and not necessarily during the first miles running new LLR tires.

Various techniques are used to reduce rolling resistance. Reducing internal friction is one way that comes with no noticeable change in grip characteristics during braking and cornering. Another is changing the tread compound, which can change grip. This sometimes, but not always, means a tradeoff between fuel economy and performance.

Early LRR tires were noted for their harsher ride, a result of using much harder rubber compounds and stiffer sidewalls in an effort to reduce friction and flexing. Newer LRR tires use advanced compounding with silica-based or alternative oils to provide more pleasant ride characteristics. Early LRR tires also had reduced grip and wore more rapidly. This has changed significantly over time as tire technology has evolved.

Even so, the primary mission of LRR tires is minimizing rolling resistance and addressing safety considerations like wet weather handling and traction. Those looking for tires focused on high performance diving are not likely candidates for LRR tires.

Choosing replacement LLR tires for a Prius, LEAF, Volt, or other electric or hybrid can be relatively easy. Just replace the tires with ones identical to those that originally came with the car. Automakers producing 'green' cars spend considerable effort working with tire manufacturers in selecting the right LRR tire to maximize efficiency of a specific model. Still, there are quite a number of aftermarket tires developed for electrics and hybrids so choices are many.

For example, Yokohama's AVID S33D LRR all-season tires for third generation Toyota Prius hybrids and other small cars reduce fuel consumption while retaining all-season traction.  Like the AVID, the Yokohama Geolandar G055 BluEarth tires we’ve been testing on a crossover vehicle feature the company’s advanced, lightweight Airtex inner liner that combines the elasticity of rubber with the lightness and superior gas-barrier characteristics of plastic to reduce tire weight and rolling resistance. This tire, like others in the Yokohama line, uses orange oil tread compound to enhance performance and decrease the use of petroleum in tire production.

Among other low rolling resistance tire options on the market is Goodyear’s Assurance Fuel Max, which uses a special fuel-saving tread compound that reduces rolling resistance by up to 27%. Goodyear claims this nets up to 2,600 miles worth of gas savings over the life of four tires. Michelin offers an array of GreenX tire options including Defender, Primacy, and Energy Saver A/S tires. Efficiencies are achieved through multiple strategies including the use of a more rigid tread block to lower rolling resistance and silica-based tread compound to keep tires running cooler. Toyo’s Versado Eco Touring all-season tires are designed to improve fuel efficiency for hybrid, electric, and other vehicles using naturally derived tread compound materials, a low rolling resistance design, and a recycled polyester casing to conserve natural resources.

While plenty of LRR tires are offered for a wide range of vehicles, it’s not always easy to choose since efficiency comparisons are not yet available. Traction, wear, and temperature resistance ratings are to be found but efficiency is glaringly missing, although there is hope.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has proposed a tire label that would provide wet traction, tread wear, and fuel efficiency (rolling resistance) ratings on a 0-100 scale for replacement tires. It has also done extensive testing to generate data for such a label. While not yet implemented, this will be of real value to those shopping for tires that will deliver improved environmental performance in the future

We live in a day and age when many consumers look to their car not only as a safe form of everyday conveyance, but also as a personal retreat or perhaps an extension of one’s office…with perhaps a dash of dynamic drive performance thrown in for good measure. Our recent drive experience with Volvo’s 2017 S90 T6 along Spain's Costa del Sol illustrated that this sedan answers all such anticipations with a spot-on drop of Thor's Hammer.

What Volvo has accomplished with the all-new S90 over a relatively short development timeline is nothing short of astounding. Simply, the Volvo S90 T6 delivers as promised with a comfortable, safe, quiet, and near-luxury driving experience. It follows the well-received XC90 in Volvo’s total reinvention of its model lineup.  For 2017, Volvo takes its second-generation Drive-E engine technology and performance to the next level, with the S90 powered by a very advanced, high output, supercharged and turbocharged four-cylinder gasoline engine that’s both fuel efficient and near zero emissions.

While most luxury sport sedan buyers seek turbocharged mid- to high-displacement V-6 through V-12 twin cam torque monsters to inject their adrenaline rush, Volvo sees things differently. This automaker envisions a future with turbocharged three- and four-cylinder gasoline engines fulfilling primary drive duties, cogeneration, and plug-in electrification in the near future. And Volvo engineering sees this no later than model year 2018. In fact, international S90 project lead Peter Martens tells Green Car Journal that cylinder count is inconsequential in today’s engine technology. In Peter’s words, “it’s the engine's horsepower and torque output that matters at the end of the day.”

But are four cylinders enough? As my co-driver commented during our test drive: “One would have to look under the hood of the S90 T6 to discover the four-cylinder.” Simply, this efficient engine is a source of exceptional power and satisfying performance. In all truth, the S90’s direct-injected, twin-cam aluminum 2.0-liter engine produces seamless torque. Notably, its use of both supercharging and turbocharging means there’s absolutely no turbo lag up to red line. An eight-speed automatic transmission contributes to the sedan’s overall fuel efficiency.

Producing 316 horsepower and 295 lb-ft torque in the midrange, Volvo’s S90 T6 AWD achieves a respectable 0-to-60 mph sprint time of just 5.7 seconds, quick enough for the majority of drivers in the midsize luxury sedan segment. This efficient powerplant delivers an EPA estimated 22 mpg in city driving and 31 mpg on the highway.

A front-wheel drive T5 variant with a turbocharged rendition of the same mill produces a respectable 250 horsepower/258 lb-ft torque at 2200 rpm. This rivals the specs of many six-cylinder engines on the market today while achieving a desirable 23 city/34 highway mpg. Volvo expects market demand for the T5 and T6 variants will run about 50/50.

While we found the S90 T6 AWD model quite capable during aggressive driving on two-lane country roads, where this sedan truly shines is in long-range highway driving. It’s a luxury midsize rolling lounge with near-sports sedan handling attributes. Surprisingly, we found Volvo’s therapeutic seat requiring no break-in time. Our S90 came with driver and front passenger seating cooled, heated, and equipped with a massage option, arguably the best in the class. Leg, shoulder, and headroom is exceptional front and rear, as is this model’s premium-class fit and finish.

The S90 presents ride quality rivaling that of the best luxury commuters in the industry, thanks in no small part to Volvo’s optionally available rear air suspension, superior hydraulic dampening, and active electronic noise cancellation. It does this well while facilitating a split personality with the kind of sport-like-driving capability required by today’s all-inclusive consumer mindset.

Attention to the road is enhanced by a well-positioned heads-up display, where speed, engine temperature, and more can be monitored without requiring a glance at the instrument panel. The S90’s drive environment is well balanced, leather covered, wood-accented, and high-tech rich, yet intuitive in its operation. Everything is in its place and enveloped in high-end Swedish style and sensible accommodation.

Volvo runs a bit ahead of the trend with perhaps the best-working active safety suite available in the segment today.  As demonstrated through its S90, Volvo continues the company’s historical emphasis on driver and passenger safety by providing its notable active safety features on all S90 trim levels.

The S90’s City Safety feature includes frontal collision avoidance, low-and high-speed collision mitigation, and auto brake engagement, plus pedestrian, cyclist, and large animal recognition. Run Off Road Mitigation senses if the vehicle is about to unintentionally leave the pavement and takes corrective action. With Pilot Assist, the S90 will assist in driving up to 80 mph, but the driver’s hand is required to stay on the wheel in 15 second intervals to ensure driver attention. Yes, we did test this and it worked flawlessly with near dead-center lane keep assist and adaptive cruise control that maintained distance from the car ahead.

First to market in the States is the S90 T6 AWD, followed by the front-drive S90 T5. Later we’ll see the V90 Estate Wagon and the S90 T8 plug-in hybrid. The price of entry for the S90 T5 is $46,950 with the T6 coming in at a base of $52,950. Volvo’s Inscription trim level adds $3,300 to the cost of each. Whichever you choose, the Volvo S90 may well be the bargain of the midsize luxury sedan segment.

Chrysler, the company that literally created the minivan with its Dodge Caravan and Plymouth Voyager models introduced more than three decades ago, now seeks to redefine the segment with its all-new Chrysler Pacifica. So unique is the Pacifica that it merits new terminology from the marketing department to underscore its versatility.

Classified as ‘Multipurpose’ by EPA, Pacifica transcends the traditional role of the venerable minivan with more on its plate than merely taking the kids to school or handling family errands. The Pacifica is now ready to play starring roles previously cast only for trucks, SUVs, or luxury cars.

In part, that’s because the Pacifica brings something to the segment not seen before: style. The model‘s sleek and sculpted exterior is not only wind-cheating but also pleasing to the eye, cutting a sharp image while offering a remarkable drag coefficient of 0.30, a figure low enough to typically be reserved for sports cars.

Image-conscious dads need no longer take a hit on their psyche while driving a minivan to the hardware store. Not that you’d necessarily want to, this amazingly versatile vehicle can carry 64 quarter-inch, four-by-eight foot sheets of plywood in the rear. For a double date night on the town, clear out the construction materials and fold down the Pacifica’s Stow ’n Go seats to provide limo-like spaciousness. In fact, make it a triple date night with the neighbors since the model’s choice of 2/2/3 or 2/3/3 front/mid/rear seating configurations handle the need with little effort.

Notably, while third row passengers typically get squeezed, not so in this vehicle. Third row legroom is 36.5 inches with 38.7 inches of headroom. That compares favorably with the typically roomier mid-row seat that offers legroom of 38 inches and 39.6 inches of headroom.

When it arrives later this year, the Pacifica Hybrid will be the industry’s first plug in hybrid minivan. That’s a pretty big deal since families have been waiting for a hybrid minivan for years with no options in sight. The Pacifica PHEV will feature a 30 mile range solely from its 16-kWh LG lithium-ion battery, with total gas-electric range an exceptional 530 miles. The Pacifica Hybrid is EPA rated at 80 MPGe (miles-per-gallon equivalent) while operating on electricity. The conventionally-powered Pacifica is rated by EPA at 18 mpg in the city and 28 mpg on the highway while driving on its 3.6-liter Pentastar V-6. There are five versions of the standard Pacifica with the Hybrid coming in Touring and Limited trim levels.

There’s more than exterior beauty and functionality to the Pacifica. These themes are also carried through in the interior, with the posh look highlighted in the Limited model’s perforated leather seats, a look that’s right out of a European luxury sedan. The same is true with the rest of the materials selected for the Pacifica with the vehicle offering an upscale look and feel. Cloth seats are standard with leather and premium leather as options. Four interior color choices are offered to accent the 10 exterior colors available, from Jazz Blue Pearl Coat to Molten Silver Metallic.

The Pacifica is as quiet as a luxury car due to its all-new platform that brings class-leading noise and vibration characteristics, something that was also noted by two fellow journalists during our test drives at Chrysler’s Chelsea Proving Grounds. While the Pacifica Hybrid was not available to drive at this time, the standard version tells a lot about the model’s overall performance, exhibiting quite impressive handling for a vehicle of its size and curb weight of 4,330 lbs (the hybrid will weigh in at 4,943 lbs). The Pacifica’s independent front and rear suspensions play a key roles in its cornering and comfortable ride as do the vehicle’s electronic stability and traction controls.

Manufactures realize that sales are now driven by tech as much as any of the traditional buying touchstones of the past. Chrysler designers and engineers have delivered big time by offering over 100 standard or available safety and security features. Among the model’s many notable tech features is a 360 degree Surround View camera that includes a bird’s-eye view of a driver’s surroundings. The Pacifica’s UConnect Theater system offers 7- or 8.4- inch displays with accompanying sound systems featuring six to 20 speakers and brands like Alpine to Harman Kardon. Six USB ports are standard.

Perhaps the most beneficial option is Pacifica’s Stow ’n Go seating that allows the rear compartment to be configured entirely flat for optimizing storage and hauling capability. Aluminum sliding doors are hands-free and the liftgate opens by raising your foot at the rear, both will sure to be favorite options as well. The most practical offering is the model’s Stow ’n Vac, a system hidden in the door that allows for quick and efficient cleaning of the massive carpeted interior without requiring a stop at the car wash. For animal owners there’s even an optional tie-down pet kennel. When removed it also doubles as a kennel for hotel or campsite.

Power comes from a transverse-mounted 3.6-liter V-6 with 287 horsepower and 262 lb-ft torque, a combination that delivers more than adequate performance for two-lane road passing. The coming Pacifica Hybrid is expected to provide 260 horsepower, although the addition of an electric motor with its immediate low-end torque will surely up the performance ante. The conventional Pacifica runs on unleaded regular fuel so there’s additional savings to be had at the pump. Both variants are front-wheel drive and well-balanced with a front-to-rear weight distribution of 56.5/43.5 in the Hybrid and 55/45 in the standard model.

A contributing factor to Pacifica’s performance and fuel efficiency is its use of a nine-speed electronically-controlled automatic transmission and a torque converter clutch. Gears six through nine are all overdrive ranging from 0.81 to 0.48. Translation: maximum fuel efficiency gained by tall gearing that keeps engine rpms low. The Hybrid will have an electronically variable transmission standard with dual-motor electric drive capability and start-stop technology.

Unlike the standard model, the Pacifica Hybrid is not recommended for towing. The Hybrid comes with a smaller gas tank at 16.5 gallons compared to the standard 19 gallon, although higher fuel efficiency will clearly make up the difference. Expect braking to live up to the model’s performance with standard 13 inch vented rotors front and rear plus ABS braking.

The final question for some will be, “Does it fit in my garage?” But of course. Pacifica features a length of 203.8 inches and a width of 79.6 inches. With the foldaway powered mirrors extended the width increases to 90.4 inches. The Pacifica will also fit in most folks' budgets with prices starting at $28,595 and moving up to the high $40,000s. As is customary, pricing for the Pacifica Hybrid will be announced closer to its debut.

Ford’s aluminum bodied F-150, an all-new generation that debuted in the 2015 model year, is revolutionary. It is also distinguished as Green Car Journal’s 2016 Green Truck of the Year™, an honor bestowed at the recent San Antonio Auto & Truck Show in Texas.

Besides this new generation's more refined look and improvements across the board, use of an all-aluminum body has allowed Ford to decrease the pickup’s body weight by 630 pounds, with a high-strength steel frame reducing weight by another 70 pounds. This lightweighting contributes toward higher fuel efficiency without sacrificing the durability and all-around functionality F-150 buyers have come to expect from their pickups over many decades.

For 2016, Ford expanded the F-150 lineup with a new Limited edition for discerning high-end truck buyers, plus special edition appearance packages available for XLT and Lariat models. An all-new aluminum-bodied F-250 has now joined the Ford pickup lineup and this heavy-duty variant will be detailed in a future article.

The F-150’s weight reduction brings the added benefit of better performance. Simply, it takes less power to propel the truck when empty so acceleration is noticeably improved. With less mass working on the chassis, the truck has a lighter feel and handles better than the previous model generation. Braking is also improved since there is less weight to bring to a halt. Cargo bed payload capacity and gross combined vehicle weight ratings (GCVWR) remain similar on the new truck compared to the previous generation, so the lighter aluminum F-150 can haul and tow hundreds heavier loads.

Ford offers F-150 buyers four engine choices to fit varying requirements including a 2.7-liter EcoBoost V-6, 3.5-liter EcoBoost V-6,  3.5-liter Ti-VCT V-6, and a 5.0-liter Ti-VCT V-8. The 2.7-liter EcoBoost engine should be of particular interest to drivers seeking a balance of power, functionality, and efficiency. This engine allows the F-150 to achieve up to 26 highway and 19 city mpg while also enabling towing up to 8,500 pounds. Other powertrain choices allow towing up to 12,100 pounds. Ford has integrated the sport mode feature found in the Mustang that changes the frequency of gearshifts, thus enabling drivers to keep the F-150 in the ‘sweet’ spot of the powerband while holding lower gears longer for a more engaging driving experience.

A gaseous-fuel prep option is now available with the F-150‘s 5.0-liter V-8 engine. This positions the F-150 as the only light-duty pickup capable of running on compressed natural gas or propane to help further reduce operating costs and CO2 emissions.

The 2016 F-150 features SYNC 3, Ford’s newest communications and entertainment system that delivers enhanced voice recognition and a capacitive touch screen. Plus, the F-150’s segment-first Pro Trailer Backup Assist technology makes it easier to back a trailer up to launch a boat or park in a driveway. Using the F-150’s advanced camera technology, a driver steers a trailer instinctively by turning a knob left or right to indicate direction, then backs up as the truck controls its steering and limits vehicle speed.

Pickup buyers have a wide choice of F-150 engine, cab configuration, and trim levels in either two- or four-wheel drive, at a starting cost of $26,540.

Volvo's XC90 T8 SUV – Green Car Journal’s 2016 Luxury Green Car of the Year™ – emerged a completely redesigned model in the 2016 model year, the first time the enduring XC90 has had a complete makeover since 2002. It rose to the top to claim the award at the 2016 Washington Auto Show over finalists that included the BMW X5 xDrive40e, Lexus RX 450h, Mercedes-Benz C350e, and Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid.

Even though immediately recognized as a Volvo, virtually nothing carried over from the previous generation save for some mechanicals. The T8 ‘twin engine’ XC90, the more efficient sibling to Volvo’s conventionally powered XC90 T6, is a plug-in hybrid that uses Volvo's efficient 316 horsepower, 2.0-liter supercharged and turbocharged Drive-E four-cylinder engine. This engine powers the front wheels through an eight-speed automatic transmission.

A 46 horsepower starter-generator motor located between the engine and transmission provides start-stop capability to enhance efficiency. This motor also enables regenerative braking and can provide additional power to the transmission when maximum performance is required. An 82 horsepower electric motor drives the rear wheels. The battery and both electric motors are liquid-cooled. Battery coolant can also be refrigerated under very hot conditions. Volvo’s new XC90 design locates the lithium-ion battery in the tunnel between the front passenger seats, not beneath the trunk as is the case with many PHEVs. Thus, cargo capacity in this seven passenger plug-in SUV is no less than the conventionally powered T6 that has no batteries.

The T8 has several drive modes. Hybrid is the default and uses power from the gas engine and electric motor as needed for optimum efficiency. Pure mode offers all-electric driving, with the AWD mode driving all four wheels on demand. Save mode conserves battery power for later use. In Power Mode, maximum electric torque is provided from start for great acceleration at low speeds with the Drive-E engine taking over at higher speed.

Drivers have the ability to motor exclusively on battery power up to 13 miles according to official EPA estimates with a total gas-electric range of 350 miles.  EPA also rates the T8 at 53 MPGe (mile-per-gallon equivalent) on battery power with a combined city/highway fuel economy rating of 25 mpg during hybrid operation.

The 2016 XC90 is longer, wider, and taller than the previous XC90.  It uses Volvo' s Scalable Product Architecture platform that is destined for most future Volvo models. The XC90 T8 comes in base Momentum, more luxurious Inscription, and sportier R-Design trim levels. All include a two-panel panoramic sunroof, leather upholstery, heated front seats, and third-row seating as standard equipment. The illuminated shift lever is genuine Orrefors crystal, probably the first time any automaker has used real crystal glass in a production car.

A Sensus Connect infotainment system brings tablet-like features and convenience to the dashboard of this Volvo model. This system is said to have more processing power than any iPad with incredibly quick response. The touchscreen uses infrared lasers rather than capacitive touch sensors so the smart, intuitive interface can be used while wearing gloves, or even with a pencil or other object.

Volvo’s entire suite of standard safety systems are included plus advanced driver assist items like Lane Departure Warning, Road Sign Information display, Pedestrian and Cyclist Detection, Pilot Assist adaptive cruise control, and Park Assist Pilot automatic parallel and perpendicular parking. World firsts include Auto Braking at Intersections if another vehicle comes into its path from oncoming or side traffic, and should the car swerve off the road its Run Off Road Design pre-tensions seat belts and crushable supports in the front seats absorb crash forces. Safety is, after all, one of this marque’s longstanding core values and the XC90 addresses this in a big way.

Hyundai has shown its willingness to push the envelope with its affordable Tucson SUV in some pretty high-profile ways. The automaker has notably offered a hydrogen fuel cell variant to consumers in limited numbers and both hybrid and plug-in hybrid concepts were shown at the most recent Geneva Motor Show.

For the here-and-now, conventionally powered models offer consumers plenty of goodness at approachable cost. Hyundai’s third-generation 2016 Tucson crossover SUV is distinguished with an edgier design that carries through the Fluidic Sculpture 2.0 design theme that debuted on the 2015 Genesis, aiming at a bolder and more athletic appearance. The Tucson is also a bit bigger this year with a one inch longer wheelbase and exterior dimensions an inch wider and three inches longer, adding to a noticeably roomier interior. Driving dynamics are improved with an enhanced suspension and a more rigid chassis using more than 50 percent advanced high-strength steel.

The 2016 Tucson features a pair of powertrains that emphasize power and fuel efficiency. Base models are equipped with a carryover 164 horsepower, 2.0-liter direct-injected four-cylinder with a six-speed automatic transmission. This SHIFTRONIC automatic offers a manual shifting mode and integrates an overdrive lock-up torque converter to boost fuel efficiency. Eco, Sport, and Limited models get a new 175 horsepower, 1.6-liter turbocharged four-cylinder coupled to a seven-speed EcoShift dual-clutch automatic transmission.

Most notable for those seeking higher fuel economy is the Eco model, which delivers one additional mile per gallon in the city and three more on the highway, achieving 26/33 city/highway mpg. The Eco uses 17 inch wheels and low rolling resistance tires to help achieve this. Sport and Limited models ride on 19 inch wheels.

All versions are available with front-wheel-drive or all-wheel-drive. The AWD system uses an electronically controlled clutch at the rear axle. The system’s Active Cornering Control All Wheel Drive provides improved all-weather traction and greater cornering capability. It does this by transferring engine torque to the rear wheels while applying braking force to the inside rear wheel and transmitting extra power to the opposite wheel, thus providing a torque-vectoring effect.

For driving off-road and in slippery conditions, there is also a driver-selectable AWD lock that allows for a 50/50 split of available torque between the front and rear wheels. A Drive Mode Select feature allows a driver to customize the Tucson’s dynamic response to alter steering effort, throttle mapping, and transmission shift points according to personal preference or changing driving conditions.

New-for-2016 are available LED headlights, LED Daytime Running Lights, and HID headlights with Dynamic Bending Light that turn-in with the direction of the steering wheel. Also new is a color LCD cluster display, individual tire monitoring, and heated rear seats. The new Tucson features a host of standard and available advanced technology safety features. These include forward-collision warning with automatic braking and pedestrian detection, blind-spot warning, lane-departure warning, rear cross-traffic alert, and adaptive headlights. A backup camera is now standard on all trim levels.

Whatever Hyundai’s advanced technology vehicle plans may be for its lineup in the future, given the popularity of the SUV segment and the current Tucson’s appealing entry-level MSRP of $22,700, it certainly appears that the Tucson will be a high-profile torch-bearer in the company’s expanding ‘green’ offerings.

Chevrolet’s milestone Bolt EV will be coming to showrooms in late 2016 as a 2017 model, representing the first truly affordable battery electric vehicle with a sought-after 200 mile driving range. This is a big win for Chevrolet since the Bolt beats the 200 mile Tesla Model 3 to market, likely by a long shot. Unlike the Chevy Spark EV, an adaptation of a gasoline-powered model that’s been available in select markets since 2013, the Bolt EV was designed from the ground-up as an electric vehicle. Thus, there are no compromises along the way.

The heart of the Bolt EV is a nickel-rich lithium-ion battery pack developed with LG Electronics. The 200 mile range provided by this pack is about twice that of competitive EVs now on the market. New battery chemistry delivers desired levels of power, in this case 160 kW, and energy of 60 kWh. The chemistry also provides improved thermal performance that requires a smaller active thermal conditioning system to keep the battery operating at its optimum temperature, delivering longer battery life and maintaining peak performance under varying climates and driver demands.

The battery pack consists of 288 lithium-ion cells in a configuration that spans the entire floor to maximize interior space. The five-door Bolt EV seats five passengers and has 16.9 cubic feet of cargo space behind the rear seat. Thin-frame seats enhance rear-seat roominess.

A standard 7.2 kilowatt onboard charger allows overnight charging from a 240 volt wall charger. A typical commute of 50 miles requires a charge of less than two hours. The Bolt also features an optional SAE Combo DC fast charging connector so the battery can be charged to deliver up to 90 miles of range in just 30 minutes at a public fast charger, if one is available.

Electricity is supplied to a 200 horsepower drive motor featuring 266 lb-ft torque that delivers 0-60 mph acceleration under 7 seconds and a top speed of 91 mph. Power delivery is controlled by Chevrolet’s first Electronic Precision Shift system. This shift and park-by-wire system sends electronic signals to the Bolt EV’s drive unit to manage precise feel and delivery of power and torque based on drive mode selection and accelerator inputs. A by-wire shifter requires less packaging space than a traditional mechanical shifter resulting in more interior space and improved interior layout.

Regenerative braking has become more than a means to boost range by recapturing energy. Now it can also can provide an improved EV driving experience. The Bolt EV has a new regenerative braking system that can provide one pedal driving through a combination of increased regenerative deceleration and software controls. When operating in Low mode or by holding the Regen-on-Demand paddle located on the back of the steering wheel, a driver can bring the vehicle to a complete stop under most circumstances by simply lifting their foot off the accelerator. However, the system does not eliminate the need to use the brake pedal altogether. Operating in Drive mode without pulling the paddle while decelerating requires using the brake pedal to stop.

he Bolt EV will offer connectivity and infotainment technologies that seamlessly integrate smartphones and other electronic devices. Low energy Bluetooth, designed specifically for the Bolt EV to minimize energy usage, seamlessly connects a smartphone to the car as an owner approaches the vehicle. Many of the Bolt’s technologies are supported by OnStar 4G LTE, which turns the Bolt EV into a Wi-Fi hotspot that provides easier access to apps and services via a high-speed wireless connection.

Additional connectivity and infotainment features include a 10.2-inch MyLink color touchscreen display, rear camera mirror, and Surround Vision that provides a bird’s-eye view around the Bolt for improved safety during low-speed driving and while parking. An all-new MyChevrolet Mobile App combines important owner and vehicle information and functions including battery charge status, OnStar Map service, remote start, cabin pre-conditioning, owner’s manual information, and dealer service scheduling. EV-specific navigation capability provides routes that maximize range and while identifying nearby charging locations. In the future an accurate driving range projection will be based on the time of day, topography, weather, and an owner’s driving habits.

The Bolt will be built at GM’s Orion, Michigan assembly facility while its battery pack, motor, and drive components will come from Korea. Its price is expected to be $37,500, a figure that dips below $30,000 after full federal tax credits.

 

Inspired by the LF-LC concept unveiled by Lexus four years ago, the 2017 Lexus LC 500 is destined to become the automaker’s flagship coupe. Now it will be joined by a hybrid LC 500h variant. The model represents a shift in Lexus’ engineering and design direction, and thus marks the beginning of a new phase for the Lexus brand with several ‘firsts.’

The LC 500h features the world’s first Multi Stage Hybrid System, a next-generation hybrid powertrain specifically designed for performance vehicles. The system was developed with two opposing objectives: First, to provide a hybrid with a more sporting and engaging driving experience by closely aligning engine speed with throttle inputs. And second, to achieve the best possible balance between power and fuel consumption.

Like the non-hybrid LC 500, a 295 horsepower, 3.5-liter V-6 engine is used in the LC 500h. The LC 500h adds a new lightweight and compact electric motor and lithium-ion battery pack, with a four-speed automatic transmission mounted at the rear of the hybrid transmission. A lighter electric motor offsets the added weight of the automatic transmission, meaning the Multi Stage Hybrid System weighs the same as Lexus’ current hybrid powertrain. An ‘M’ Mode offers the first driver-initiated gear shifts on a Lexus full hybrid powertrain. M Mode allows making direct and responsive gear shifts for the most sporting and engaging drive yet from a Lexus hybrid model.

The electric motor generates better acceleration feel than a conventional engine while adding physical gears more closely aligns engine rpm with driver inputs. The result is a much more direct connection between the accelerator pedal and vehicle acceleration. A total of 354 horsepower results in 0-60 mph times under 5 seconds.

The LC 500 and 500h are the first to use the automaker’s all-new, premium rear-wheel-drive luxury platform that will become the basis for the company’s future front-engine/rear-wheel-drive vehicles. For enhanced dynamic capability and performance, Lexus engineers focused on what they refer to as the LC 500h's ‘inertia specification.’ This places most of the vehicle mass, including the engine and occupants, as low and centralized as possible within the chassis.  Locating the powertrain behind the front axle results in a front mid-ship layout while very short front and rear overhangs push the large diameter tires to the vehicle corners.

Handling is enhanced by a center of gravity that’s further lowered by reducing body weight, in part through the use of an aluminum hood and fenders, aluminum door skins on a carbon fiber structure,  a carbon and glass composite trunk lid, and carbon fiber roof. Aluminum front suspension towers, forged alloy wheels, and ultra-compact LED headlamps also contribute. The model’s extensive use of a high-tensile steel body structure further reduces weight, improves weight-distribution, and increases body rigidity.  Run-flat tires eliminate the weight and weight-distribution penalty of a full-size spare.

The LC 500h's multi-link front suspension system allows for large diameter wheels while keeping a very low hood line. It features two upper and two lower control arms, with double ball joints on each arm. This arrangement optimizes suspension geometry to facilitate precise control from driver inputs and road conditions, creating exceptional steering response.

Included as part of LC 500h standard equipment is Lexus Safety System + to help prevent or mitigate collisions across a wide range of traffic situations. Combining a camera and millimeter-wave radar for a high level of detection performance, the system features a Pre-Crash Safety system with pedestrian detection to help prevent or lessen the severity of collisions, All-speed Adaptive Cruise Control, Lane-Keeping Assist, and Automatic High Beam headlamp technology are also included.

It took Tesla five years to produce the limited edition Tesla Roadster even though it started with engine-less ‘gliders’ supplied by Lotus in England. Now a group of former Tesla executives is out to upstage Tesla in getting an all-new, advanced electric vehicle from drawing board to production in record time. Faraday expects to launch its first fully electric production vehicle in 2017.

Founded just 18 months ago, the startup reportedly has 750 employees globally and has broken ground on a 3 million square foot factory in North Las Vegas. The company ultimately plans to have 4,500 employees. Faraday has teamed up with China's LeTV, which is supplying much of the substantial funding needed as well as LeTV’s vast experience with consumers products including flat screen TVs, smartphones, tablets, and PCs, along with Internet TV and video production/distribution. Like many other automakers, Faraday see the merging of mobility, information, and entertainment in future vehicles.

Faraday unveiled its first concept, the high-performance, single seat FFZERO1 electric race-car concept at January’s Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. The 1,000 horsepower, 200 mph concept showcases Faraday’s basic design that would allow for many body styles and battery configurations, although the company has not elaborated on what they might be.

The FFZERO1 uses variable platform architecture (VPA), a modular skateboard-style chassis optimized for electric vehicles, as the backbone for the race car concept. All future production vehicles will also use the VPA chassis since it can readily accommodate different body types and battery configurations by changing lengths of the rails and other components. The VPA chassis has structural benefits such as larger crumple zones that improve safety by centralizing and protecting the battery pack. Modularity also decreases the time needed to get new models to market and lowers production costs.

Another feature of the Faraday architecture is a battery pack designed on a ‘string’ that allows adding or removing batteries based on engine layout, number of wheels, or other internal parts. Adding or subtracting strings will allow vehicles of varying sizes featuring more power or greater range. Individual cells and groups of cells can be replaced more readily than a single battery.

The race car features carbon fiber and lightweight composite construction with high-performance racing suspension, advanced vehicle dynamic control, and torque vectoring. Aero tunnels run through its interior length, allowing air to flow through the car rather than around it to dramatically reduce drag and improve battery cooling. The FFZERO1 integrates an electric motor at each wheel and is built for the track. However, VPA allows from one to four motors for rear, front, or all-wheel drive, extended range options, and various power outputs – all using the same chassis architecture.

Autonomous driving is part of equation. According to Faraday, the FFZERO1 concept could potentially meet its driver at the track and take a few perfect laps on its own to compare with, and improve upon, its human driver’s performance. The car’s NASA inspired single-seat offers a comfortable, weightless body position that holds the driver at a perfect 45-degree angle to help promote circulation.

In contrast to race cars with internal combustion engines, the clean and quiet FFZERO1 concept’s interior is primarily white with a carbon fiber finish. A propeller-shaped, asymmetric instrument panel runs seamlessly into a unique Halo Safety System with integrated head and neck support, oxygen, and water supply fed to the driver through a prototype helmet. The system could also gather biometric data about its driver. Faraday has also directly integrated a smartphone into the steering column, a move that could enable the smartphone to serve as an interface between vehicle and driver in – and outside –the car.

BMW’s X1 xDrive28i seeks to differentiate itself in an increasingly crowded compact crossover market with desired functionality, impressive fuel efficiency, and of course the dynamic driving experience expected of a BMW. This all-new, second generation premium compact crossover features updated styling for 2016, new powertrain and chassis technology, and an array of desired on-board electronics. Plus, it offers greater headroom and legroom while also increasing cargo capacity. All this comes at a starting price of $34,800, a premium over most other small crossovers but then again, this is a BMW.

Best-in-class power is delivered by a 228 horsepower, twin-turbocharged 2.0-liter EfficientDynamics engine and 8-speed automatic transmission, providing the X1 xDrive28i an EPA estimated 32 highway mpg. This latest 2.0-liter modular BMW engine has an aluminum crankcase and cylinder head, forged steel crankshaft with an integrated balance shaft drive, low-weight pistons, forged connecting rods, friction-reduced cylinder coatings, and map-controlled oil pumps. Peak torque of 258 lb-ft is available between 1,250 and 4,500 rpm. The engine connects to a lighter 8-speed Steptronic automatic transmission with reduced converter slip to decrease energy losses. A wider gear spread also means lower rpms at higher speeds for reduced emissions.

The BMW xDrive system in the new BMW X1 is considerably lighter with 30 percent less energy loss in normal driving. Working closely with Dynamic Stability Control (DSC), it counteracts oversteer or understeer. BMW EfficientDynamics technology includes Brake Energy Regeneration, Electric Power Steering, and on-demand fuel and coolant pumps. ECO PRO mode allows coasting between 30-100 mph, disengaging the powertrain when a driver's foot is taken off the throttle.

Inside, the all-new X1 features a driver focused cockpit with the flat surfaces of the instrument panel and center console controls all angled toward the driver, and the choice of a 6.5 or 8.8-inch display.

The rear seatback can be split 40:20:40, with the three sections folding down individually or jointly to enhance functionality. An optional sliding and reclining rear bench has individual elements that can slide forward or back by up to five inches for seating comfort. Cargo space has been increased by more than 15 percent to 58.7 cubic feet with the seats folded down.

BMW ConnectedDrive features include a Head-Up Display, BMW Online, BMW Apps, and Advanced Real Time Traffic Information. Standard and available camera-based assistance systems include Lane Departure Warning, Speed Limit Info, Frontal Collision Warning with Pedestrian Warning, City Collision Mitigation, Park Distance Control, and Active Cruise Control with Stop & Go. Altogether that’s about all the advanced tech you could possibly want, and BMW delivers it big time.

 

 

 

 

Toyota’s all-new 2016 Prius promises to deliver the very attributes beloved by its legions of fans over the years with significant technology updates. Its recent reveal in Las Vegas and subsequent release of additional information shows that it clearly is an all-new generation, but one that doesn’t stray too far afield from the familiar design that’s recognizable at a glance. That’s probably a good thing for Toyota since over 3.5 million Prius models have been sold globally, with 1.8 million in the U.S. alone. So…why rock the boat?

Highlights to the 2016 Prius include a more refined exterior design, new double wishbone suspension attached to an all new vehicle platform for enhanced driving dynamics, and an expected 10 percent improvement in mpg. Conceivably, that could move the non-plug-in Prius close to the 60 mpg mark. The new design stretches the Prius 2.4 inches longer than the previous model with slight width and height expansions, all in the name of greater passenger comfort and cargo area.

The 2016 Prius is based on Toyota’s New Global Architecture, which allows models to share components and platforms for manufacturing efficiencies and cost savings. This new architecture brings tangible benefits like a lower center of gravity, increased body rigidity, and a more responsive suspension package to improve overall handling and safety.

CLOSER LOOK AT NEW PRIUS TECH

The new Prius retains its 1.8-liter engine but it’s been completely re-engineered for improved performance, better fuel economy, size and weight reductions, and a maximum thermal efficiency of 40 percent. Improvement comes partly through a large-volume exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system and advancements in combustion efficiency.  A redesigned air intake port improves airflow inside the combustion chamber. Coolant passages have been redesigned to optimize internal engine temperature. Low-viscosity oil reduces friction between sliding engine components and friction created by the piston skirts, rotating parts and oil pump has been reduced.

Fuel efficiency gains also come from improvements to heating performance. An active grille shutter opens and closes the grille as necessary in response to outside temperatures. The exhaust heat recirculation system has also been improved and made more compact. In yet another nod to efficiency, this recycles exhaust heat from the engine to the coolant to be reused in heaters and warm the engine.

The transaxle and motor have been redesigned to reduce weight. The motor is considerably more compact with a better power-to-weight ratio and offers a 20 percent reduction in mechanical losses through friction.  The new-generation Prius will be available with either new lithium-ion or nickel-metal hydride battery packs with increased energy density. This allows the battery to be relocated beneath the rear seat, increasing cargo space.

There is also a new color head-up display that projects essential vehicle data and alerts on the lower section of the windscreen. A Smart-flow (S-FLOW) air conditioning system improves efficiency by detecting whether the front and rear passenger seats are occupied, adjusting ventilation and heating performance accordingly by minimizing air flow around empty seats.

An optional Toyota Safety Sense package, previously reserved for upscale Lexus products, is available in 2016 and may become standard equipment in 2017. The TSS package includes a Pre-Collision System with Pedestrian Detection that alerts a driver if a collision is imminent. It also brings the car to a halt if a pedestrian is detected ahead of the car while driving under 18 mph.  Full-speed Dynamic Radar Cruise Control will slow or stop the vehicle to avoid collisions as well. A Lane Departure Alert with Steering Assist signals a driver if it senses the car drifting from the lane and also assists with steering input when needed. Automatic High Beam control turns the high beams on and off depending on traffic to enhance nighttime driving.

Toyota’s all-new 2016 Prius is sleeker and more efficient than the current model despite the fact that a first glance delivers that familiar Prius look. For the market the Prius successfully brings into the fold, this is likely a good thing. It is clear that the new Prius, nine years in the making, will continue to be a highly recognizable signpost on the green car highway.