Will electrified vehicles dominate our highways in the future? It’s a question on the minds of many these days as an increasing number of battery electric and plug-in hybrid models come to new car showrooms. The answer is not an easy one, especially since there’s the potential that future CAFE (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) requirements could be modified. CAFE has been a driving force in the accelerated research and development in plug-in vehicles and new model introductions.

Automakers as a whole have said the current CAFE requirement of 54.5 mpg by 2025 cannot be achieved without a serious emphasis on electrification and the efficiencies these models bring. Thus, there has been an undeniable momentum for plug-ins underway as witnessed by the 39 battery electric and plug-in hybrid models from 20 automotive brands available in the U.S. market during calendar year 2017.

It has been a long path to get to this point since modern electrics emerged in the early 1990s. Along the way, early battery electric vehicles have been constrained by the limitations imposed by the very nature of battery electric propulsion. Simply, batteries are very heavy and costly, which result in two distinct penalties – greater weight that saps overall efficiency and high production costs that either make these vehicles expensive to buy, or require automakers to absorb much of these costs.

Those were the issues in the 1990s and, not coincidentally, these remain the issues today. Battery electric cars in 2017 are an order of magnitude better than those of a few decades back. But driving range and cost remain significant challenges. Plug-in hybrids are another matter.

Since these offer both all-electric driving and hybrid operation after batteries are depleted, there is no ‘range anxiety’ – the concern that a battery electric vehicle’s battery power could be insufficient for daily driving needs. Automakers are into plug-in hybrids in a big way and this has become a very competitive part of the automotive landscape.

So what does our driving future hold? There are nearly 40 plug-in vehicles for sale this year and that’s a big statement. Most major automakers have thriving electric research and development programs underway with electric model launches of one type or another in the pipeline. We will see an expanding offering of plug-in hybrids with battery electric models featuring greater driving range, as witnessed by the benchmarks being set by Chevrolet and Tesla and the new commitment to electrics by Volvo.

One wild card is that internal combustion continues to achieve surprising efficiency gains, at reasonable cost compared to electrics. That means the combustion vehicles we’ve had on our roads for more than a century will continue to ply our highways for some time to come, at approachable cost and without the need for the federal and state incentives that now help motivate buyers to go electric.

Still, there’s a growing desire for the emissions and inherent efficiencies of electric drive so there’s every reason to expect this interest to increase. We don’t yet know if plug-in vehicles of one stripe or another will dominate the market in the years ahead. But what is clear is that electrification is poised to play a major role moving forward.

Hyundai’s long-awaited Ioniq is here and fans of the Prius should take note. Long the leader in fuel efficiency, Toyota’s ubiquitous Prius has now been unseated as fuel economy’s top dog by a better looking, more fun-to-drive hatchback from its Korean competitor. Who saw that coming?

Well, Hyundai did since it definitely had the Prius in its sights all through the Ioniq’s development process. How successful has Hyundai been? Consider the mpg figures: The Ioniq Hybrid Blue model has an EPA-estimated 58 MPG combined rating, the highest of any non-plug-in vehicle sold in the country. The Prius Eco delivers 56 combined mpg.

The Ioniq was designed from the beginning to fit the needs of mainstream buyers with very diverse needs. Want a hybrid? Buy the model above starting at $22,200. Battery electric? That’s available as well, at a base of $29,500. And those who prefer the benefits of both electric and hybrid drive can opt for the Ioniq Plug-In Hybrid that’s coming up next, at an as-yet unannounced – but surely competitive – price.

But look, it really isn’t just about fuel economy. High mpg numbers will interest a certain segment of buyers. But there needs to be much more to attract a wide swath of consumers looking for everything from style, comfort, and connectivity to safety, value, and of course efficiency. Delivering all this becomes crucial, especially in an era where gas prices are low enough to make fuel efficiency less important on the car buyer’s checklist than, say, the availability of safety-enhancing driver assist systems or advanced connectivity features.

A recent drive in hybrid and electric Ioniq variants convinced us this new model meets those needs. Both offered a fun-to-drive nature with solid driving dynamics, a comfortable interior, and all the requisite connectivity. Drivers will appreciate the Ioniq’s Apple CarPlay, Android Auto, and Blue Link capabilities for integrating with their smartphones, plus handy wireless smartphone charging. A high-resolution 7-inch TFT display presents key driver information. The Ioniq’s advanced safety systems include ones helpful every day like lane departure warning, blind spot detection, and rear cross-traffic alert, plus ones you hope are never needed but are there if you do like automatic emergency braking with pedestrian detection.

Hyundai’s new do-it-all hatch offers a welcome connection with the driving experience and satisfying performance, characteristics not always adequately delivered by very high mpg vehicles. It’s not a niche car aimed at early adopters or those who want to make an environmental statement. Rather, it’s a stylish, fun to drive, and connected car for the masses that delivers environmental performance as a matter of course. Hyundai’s decision to offer hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric choices is strategic and will certainly encourage purchase consideration among a wide swath of buyers. The Ioniq will find a ready market because it is the real deal.

In the late 1960s, many VW Beetle sedans and convertibles were converted into Baja Bugs for desert or beach duty, or just to look cool. Like the iconic dune buggies conceived by Bruce Meyers, the Baja Bug originated in Southern California. Unlike dune buggies that had completely new fiberglass bodies on a shortened Beetle chassis like the Meyers Manx, Baja Bugs retained most of the Beetle's sheetmetal and chassis modifications were not required. Conversions were often done by individual owners. There was a shortened fiberglass front and an abbreviated rear that left the engine mostly exposed, plus tubular steel cage-type front and rear bumpers and shorter fiberglass front and rear fenders.

For 2017, the Beetle Dune Convertible joins the Dune Coupe that first appeared as a 2016 VW model following its debut as a concept car at the 2014 Detroit Auto Show. Though much more sophisticated, VW says the Dune was inspired by the original Baja. While based on the third-generation New Beetle, the bolder Dunes gets a raised ride height of 0.4 inches and a 0.6-inch wider track for a more rugged appearing stance.

Front and rear facias of the VW Dune Convertible are more aggressive looking than the standard model and feature black 0.6 inch wheel arch extensions that flow into the bumper. The front bumper integrates a large central air intake with a black honeycomb screen and aluminum-looking surround that morphs into the front skid plate. Foglights are located on either side of the intake in two black honeycomb vents. An available Lighting Package adds Bi-Xenon headlights with LED Daytime Running Lights and LED rear license plate lighting.

The sides of the Dune are characterized by the contrast between polished aluminum sills black trim strips that remind you of the running boards on the original Beetle. At the rear is a large spoiler on both coupe and convertible variants, standard LED taillights, and a rear bumper design with matte black and aluminum elements that mimic the front facia. The rear diffuser also acts as a skid plate. Dune rides on 18-inch Canyon aluminum-alloy wheels fitted with 235/45 all-season tires.

Like other Beetle 1.8T models, the Dune is powered by a 1.8-liter, direct-injected and turbocharged TSI four-cylinder engine that delivers 170 horsepower and 184 lb-ft torque. The engine is mated to a six-speed automatic transmission. EPA fuel economy numbers are 24 mpg city/31 mpg for both Dune models. During our drives on backroads and interstates we found the Beetle Dune

The top on the Dune Convertible is operated by a header-mounted switch and can be opened in 9.5 seconds. Closing takes 11 seconds, and both can be done at speeds up to 31 mph…just in case a up/down decision comes just before a traffic light turns green. The Dune’s 50/50 rear seat accommodates two. Its trunk can hold 7.0 cubic feet of cargo regardless of the top’s position.

Beetle Dunes are available in three exterior colors include Sandstorm Yellow, Pure White, or Deep Black Pearl. Sandstorm Yellow cars have an interior that features body-color upper door trims and dash pads, with the Pure White and Black Pearl cars featuring black door and dash pad trim.

While original Bajas were very spartan with few creature comforts, the Dune presents quite a departure. It’s filled with the latest technologies like a standard MIB II infotainment system ready for Apple CarPlay, Android Auto, and MirrorLink smartphone platforms via Volkswagen’s Car-Net system. Its 6.3-inch touchscreen has a capacitive touch sensor like smartphones and tablets for gesture controls like swiping and pinch-zooming. MIB II also features a proximity sensor that detects when a hand is nearby and automatically switches its display to allow an array of features. A rearview camera and Park Distance Control are standard. A Technology package is available that adds dual-zone automatic climate control, a premium audio system, KESSY keyless access with push-button start, and a tilt-and-slide sunroof.

Just like the rest of the Beetle line-up, Dunes are fitted with the automaker’s Automatic Post-Collision Braking System. This takes into account that a collision is rarely a single, instantaneous action, but a series of events that follow the initial impact – the most significant of which can cause additional collisions. The system helps address this by applying brakes when a primary collision is detected by the airbag sensors, thus helping reduce residual kinetic energy and the chance of additional damage.

The VW Beetle Dune coupe is available at an approachable $23,995 with the convertible upping the ante to $29,395. Cool-looking with a bit of nostalgia built in, the techie Dune is fun, eye-catching, and efficient…a great combination for fans of the iconic Beetle.

At its introduction, the 2017 Jaguar XE became this luxury automaker's new entry level model, but don’t let that 'entry level' distinction fool you. Available as XE 25t turbocharged and XE 35t supercharged gasoline variants plus a 20d turbodiesel, this sedan delivers a lot for its reasonable price of entry. The latter is offered at $36,400, an approachable price for a highly-efficient sport sedan from a luxury brand.

Somewhat smaller than its XF sibling, the XE features a fluid and pleasing design that fits in well with Jaguar's modern lineup. Its muscular, coupe-like exterior and signature J-Blade daytime running lights show that Jaguar’s sophisticated DNA is ever-present in the model. Through design and execution, Jaguar’s intent was to reinforce that its entry-level model is a driver’s car, and they’ve done this quite well.

Beneath the skin, the XE features an all-new, modular aluminum architecture shared with the Jaguar F-PACE and XF mid-size sports sedan. Its bodyshell uses high-strength 6000 series aluminum alloy to save weight without compromising durability, all the while providing high torsional stiffness to support precise handling. Featuring a low 0.28 Cd drag coefficient, the aluminum-intensive XE is the most fuel-efficient Jaguar to date with the XE 20d EPA rated at 32 city/42 highway mpg and a driving range of 533 miles.

Jaguar’s 20d Ingenium diesel engine develops 180 horsepower and 318 lb-ft torque to provide sprightly performance. A low 15.1:1 compression ratio – at least by diesel engine standards – allows use of an all-aluminum engine to reduce weight. This engine connects to a ZF eight-speed automatic transmission. The XE is equipped with smart regenerative charging that uses kinetic energy from braking to charge the battery for maximum economy. It also features a stop/start system in bolster fuel efficiency, though we found the XE 20d's automatic start-up a bit rough for our tastes. Rear-wheel drive is standard with all-wheel-drive optional.

Variable exhaust valve timing shortens the emission system’s catalyst light-off phase to treat exhaust gases quicker after a cold start, while also improving diesel particulate filter regeneration. A cooled, low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system reduces combustion chamber temperatures to inhibit NOx formation and selective catalytic reduction technology further cuts NOx emissions to very low levels. Computer controlled adaptive engine cooling only engages as required. A variable geometry turbocharger maximizes peak power for uniform low-speed torque and responsiveness that’s progressive and avoids turbo lag.

Driver and passenger are provided an inviting and accommodating cabin featuring comfortable seating, with leather upholstery accented by contrasting twin-needle stitching. A handcrafted feel is reinforced by a choice of textured aluminum, gloss black, and wood veneers.  The interior can be further enhanced with available ambient lighting in 10 colors.

Advanced driver assistance systems provide convenience and enhanced safety. Standard are lane-departure warning and autonomous emergency braking that provide audible and visible warnings if a potential collision is detected. If the driver takes no action, the system applies brakes to help reduce the severity of a possible impact.  Optional are lane keep assist and driver condition monitor, blind spot monitor and reverse traffic detection, park assist, surround camera system, adaptive cruise control with queue assist and traffic sign recognition, and adaptive speed limiter.

Jaguar’s XE delivers a premium driving experience at a surprisingly affordable price for luxury buyers. Add in the impressive 42 mpg efficiency of the XE 20d and it’s a combination that’s hard to beat.

Toyota’s 2017 Prius Prime aims to fill the needs of drivers who love the efficiency of the ubiquitous Prius but want the added benefit of a plug. As is the case with most hybrids, all-electric drive in the conventional Prius hybrid is limited to very short stretches with light pressure on the accelerator, otherwise it’s running on gasoline-electric hybrid power. The Prius Prime changes this with truly usable battery electric range before resorting back to hybrid propulsion.

Prime is a significant advance for Toyota as the company seeks to establish the highest conceivable standard for a plug-in hybrid, all packaged in edgy sci-fi styling. Think Blade Runner and you’re not far off, but in a clean Zen environment. Three distinct models of the Prius Prime are offered to fit varying tastes, including the Prime Plus at $27,100, the Prime Premium at $28,800, and the Prime Advanced at $33,100.

All Prime models share their silhouette with the Prius Hatchback but with unique front and rear end treatments. Prime is also 6.5 inches longer and just a bit lower and wider than the standard Prius model. To achieve increased front and rear head room, engineers lowered placement of the gasoline engine, electric motor, and seats. An additional benefit Toyota designers targeted was slippery aerodynamics, which they achieved with a coefficient of drag of just 0.25 – lower than most sports cars. Less wind resistance is an important element in achieving Prime’s exceptional fuel efficiency of 54 combined mpg as a hybrid and 133 MPGe when running on battery power. With an estimated driving range of 640 miles, Prime will outrun most anything for distance. EPA estimates an all-electric range of up to 25 miles.

We spent time behind the wheel of a fully-equipped Prime Advanced model on twisty mountain roads and highways to get a feel for Toyota’s new plug-in hybrid. Our test drive included stretches of high speed curves with little traffic, where we found the Prime Advanced doing quite well with good mid-range power while passing on two-lane roads. We’ve driven a friend’s first-generation 2016 Prius Plug-in Hybrid regularly over the past year and found it very efficient, but mundane and cumbersome on our own mountain road. A few fast turns into our drive instilled much more confidence in Toyota’s latest plug-in hybrid as we continued increasing our speed in turns.

The Prime’s major improvement in handling stems from a much more grounded feeling in turns, a nod to the Prime’s use of independent McPherson strut front suspension and double-wishbone rear suspension, with stabilizer bars front and rear. This is what some of the better-handling sports car utilize for their superior driving characteristics. Another significant change to enhance handling was moving the car’s 287 pound lithium-ion battery to the rear, with the weight transfer making a big difference in balanced handling. The only thing that holds you back from driving faster is the squeal of tires that are primarily designed for fuel economy.

Prime uses all-season P195/65/R15 tires mounted on 6.5J X 15 inch 5-spoke aluminum wheels. There are no optional wheel or tire choices and no spare. For tire repairs there is a repair kit and three years of 24-hour roadside assistance at no charge. Prime’s basic warranty is 36 month/36,000 miles with an additional 60 months covering the powertrain, with no mileage limitations. Hybrid-related components including the HV battery and modules are covered for 8 years/100,000 miles.

Toyota’s Hybrid Synergy Drive powers all Prius Prime models using a dual motor drive. This dual motor capability did not come with the addition of a second drive motor, but rather repurposing the drivetrain’s motor-generator (MG1) for additional use. In this configuration, a one-way clutch engages both MG1 and the car’s primary electric drive motor (MG2) for motive force, the first time MG1 has been used in this way. During deceleration, regenerative braking recaptures electrical energy through MG1 and stores this energy in the battery for later use. Energy is supplied to the motors via an 8.8 kWh lithium-ion battery pack. The gasoline engine used in this hybrid powertrain is a 1.8 liter, 95 horsepower Atkinson-cycle four- cylinder. Combined, the engine and motors deliver 121 net system horsepower.

For some, the best new feature will be changes in charging requirements. While the Prime’s 8.8kWh battery delivers over double the energy of the previous Prius Plug-In’s battery pack, no special wall charger is needed. Just plug it into a standard 120-volt household outlet and in less than 5 1/2 hours you’ll have a full charge. Toyota recommends a dedicated 15A GF1 outlet for this. Faster charging in under two hours is achieved using a public charger or a 240-volt home charger, if desired.  Prius Prime apps can manage charging, locate charge stations, set climate control, and handle numerous other functions that take advantage of the Prius Prime’s connected capabilities.

Different operating modes can be selected. EV Auto Mode will automatically rely on electric capability in urban driving and during short trips. Under certain driving conditions such as negotiating steep hills, Prime’s gas engine will kick in to provide additional power. Selecting Hybrid Mode uses the gas engine for primary drive force with supplemental power from the electric motor. Power is transmitted via a planetary-type continuously variable transmission.

The most distinctive styling elements of Prime are its quad LED headlights that give this car its futurist look. These automatically adjust brightness to its environment and oncoming cars. Without a doubt, a Prime will always be readily identifiable at night given its full-width LED rear light panel that follows the shape of the double-wave rear window and spoiler. In fact, the first time you see a Prime on the road at night an immediate impression might be that of a new Lamborghini…the taillights have that kind of styling impact.

Contributing to the Prius Prime’s overall light weight of 3,375 pounds is a rear hatch made from carbon fiber. This superior strength material is usually only found on exotic or race cars due to its expense. In this application it is used for lightweighting purposes and to make opening and closing the hatch effortless. Rear visibility is enhanced by a full-width glass panel and standard backup camera.

All Prime models feature a four-seat layout with a center console front and rear, with 60/40 folding rear seats. The front console has a handy wireless charging pad for Q-i compatible devices. Auxiliary 12-volt power outlets are provided up front and in the rear, with a USB 2.0 port for iPod connectivity and control standard. The shiny white plastic used for the console has a Star Wars trooper look to it and may be too bright for some tastes. A 4.2-inch gauge panel mounted above the dash is considerably easier to read in daylight than that of the previous model. A heads-up display is available.

The most obvious interior feature is Prime’s optional 11.6-inch tablet-like HD multimedia screen that’s mounted vertically in Premium and Advanced models. A standard Entune multimedia system provides audio, navigation, and an App Suite. Suffice to say if it’s on the market, Prime has bundled it...unless you want to play CDs. Apparently there is no place for CDs in the future. Audiophiles will be particularly pleased with the Prime Advanced model since it includes JBL audio with 10 speakers and delivers an exceptional concert hall experience.

For those who find parking a challenge there’s the Advanced model’s included Intelligent Clearance Sonar (ICS) with Intelligent Parking Assist (IPA). Once selected, the system’s sonar sizes up an available parking space and reverses the car into the space. Perpendicular spaces are also negotiated, plus it will also steer you out of a parallel spot.

The Prime's Safety Sense P list of standard safety features is as impressive as it is extensive. Prime bundles a Pre-Collision System with Pedestrian Detection and Automatic Braking, Lane Departure Alert and Steering Assist, Full-Speed Dynamic Radar Cruise Control with full stop technology, and Auto High Beams. The Advanced model adds Blind Spot Monitor and Rear Cross Traffic Alert. Also, there are eight airbags for additional driver and passenger safety.

Toyota is out to raise the standard by which plug-in hybrids are measured. They have done so with the Prius Prime by adding leading edge technology systems coupled to a powertrain that is a marvel of efficiency. Factoring in a price reduction in the thousands from the earlier generation Prius plug-in and an expanded 25 mile battery-only driving range, this Toyota model certainly holds appeal for Toyota Prius fans and new converts to a plug-in hybrid society.

The advantage of a year-long test vehicle is that we’re better able to sample how it performs under all types of road and weather conditions, plus the sometimes challenging situations that life throws at everyone. In hilly Southeastern Ohio on the edge of the Appalachian range, our long term Honda HR-V conquered snow and ice covered roads with sure-footed traction, with its all-wheel drive system and traction control finding grip when grip was hard to find. Honda’s excellent anti-lock brake system delivered above average stopping power when the road surface was slippery. Combined with linear and positive steering response, those qualities provide for a very confidence inspiring winter driving experience.

Winter conditions can take a toll on fuel economy. The worst winter mpg we achieved was around 28 mpg and we were able to push efficiency into the mid to upper 30s with relative ease. Honda’s intuitive ECO Coaching system helps the process along with visual cues that change color with throttle position and speed.

The HR-V’s interior makes longer road trips quite comfortable. With the front seats all the way aft to accommodate my 6 foot, 2 inch frame, rear seat leg room is a bit compromised, but that’s to be expected in any compact SUV. In addition to its 60/40 split seat folding design and ability to deliver a flat cargo floor, the Honda’s Magic Seat configuration allows the bottom seat cushions to fold up out of the way to handle taller cargo.

Driving any compact SUV can be an education since not all competitive models achieve the high standards SUV drivers expect in comfort, performance, functionality, and convenience. Our 10,000 mile experience with Honda’s HR-V has scored high marks in all subjects and has definitely made our Dean’s List at the end of its freshman year.

For a decade now, Green Car Journal has been presenting its Green Car Awards™ at the Washington Auto Show to recognize environmental achievement in the auto industry. The magazine’s most recent press conference during the 2017 Washington Auto Show’s second Policy Day found automakers honored for their efforts in three important categories. Named 2017 Connected Green Car of the Year™ was the Mercedes-Benz C350e, while the 2017 Green SUV of the Year™ was awarded to the BMW X5 xDrive40e and the 2017 Luxury Green Car of the Year™ to Acura’s new NSX.

Along with the award winners, 2017 Connected Green Car of the Year™ finalists included the Audi A3 e-tron, Honda Civic, Tesla Model X, and Toyota Prius Prime. Also identified as 2017 Luxury Green Car of the Year™ finalists were the BMW 740e xDrive, Jaguar XE 20d, Mercedes-Benz S550e, and Range Rover Td6, with 2017 Green SUV of the Year finalists including the Honda CR-V, Mazda CX-9, Mercedes-Benz GLE550e, and Nissan Rogue Hybrid. All offered either plug-in, efficient diesel, or advanced internal combustion power and each featured admirable levels of environmental performance.

The Mercedes-Benz C350e, Green Car Journal’s 2017 Connected Green Car of the Year, offers drivers the luxury and driving enjoyment expected of a premium sedan, with the added benefit of plug-in hybrid power. Its overall driving range of 410 miles means there are no compromises. An estimated 11 miles of zero-emission driving is provided on batteries at an EPA estimated 51 miles-per-gallon equivalent.

Drivers are well-connected with an on-board Wi-Fi hotspot and an array of advanced, connected features including location-based, real-time traffic information and route guidance. Driver assistance systems play a major role in the C320e with data from radar sensors and stereo cameras enabling autonomous and semi-autonomous features. Among its capabilities is helping avoid collisions with vehicles ahead and in cross traffic at intersections, even applying full emergency braking if needed. On board systems can maintain a set distance from a vehicle ahead, even in stop and go traffic. Steering inputs helps drivers stay in their lanes.

Green Car Journal’s 2017 Green SUV of the Year, the BMW X5 xDrive40e iPerformance, combines the versatility and luxury of a full-size, five-passenger SUV with the driving confidence of intelligent all-wheel drive. It offers desired levels of functionality and convenience expected of a full-size SUV, while also addressing efficiency and use of electrification.

A 241 horsepower, 2.0- liter TwinPower turbo four-cylinder engine and 111 horsepower electric motor enabling this nearly 5,000 pound plug-in hybrid SUV to accelerate from 0-60 mph in under seven seconds. It can travel 14 miles under electric power alone with a total driving range of 540 miles. To enhance all-electric driving, intelligent connectivity constantly monitors all factors affecting range including traffic conditions, route profile, and driving. Route guidance functions include displaying public charging station locations on a navigation map.

Winning the 2017 Luxury Green Car of the Year was achieved in style by the all-new NSX hybrid supercar. Promising the luxury of carving the perfect turn, riding on race-inspired suspension, and the exhilaration of breathtaking acceleration, the Acura NSX delivers the ultimate driving experience while also somehow netting some 31 percent better city mpg than the previous generation.

The NSX champions aerodynamics, hybrid drive, and lightweight materials like carbon fiber, SMC fiberglass, aluminum, and high-strength steel. Its mid-engine, twin-turbocharged V-6 connects to a nine-speed dual-clutch transmission integrated with a rear electric motor, with two additional electric motors powering the front wheels. The car’s 573 total system horsepower propels it from 0-60 mph in just 2.9 seconds. In a word, this hybrid supercar is ‘thrilling.’

Winners and finalists for these three Green Car Awards are proof positive that it is no longer good enough to design and build vehicles with style, quality, functionality, and performance. It is necessary to do all this while also delivering much more, taking into account the need for highly-evolved models with improved efficiency, lower environmental impact, greater safety, and ever-expanding ways of connecting our lives and our vehicles to one another.

Hosting these Green Car Awards in Washington DC is appropriate considering the policies, regulations, and incentives that have historically come out of Washington DC that play a significant role in influencing the success and direction of lower emission, more efficient advanced technology vehicles. With its status as the largest public show in Washington and its proximity to the halls of power in the nation’s capital, the Washington Auto show is also the logical venue in Washington DC to honor environmental achievement in the auto industry.

 

Chrysler calls the Pacifica Hybrid ‘the reinvention of the minivan segment,’ and it is. In fact, Chrysler actually created the segment over 30 years ago with its Dodge Caravan/Plymouth Voyager/Chrysler Town and Country models, so it’s fitting that the next logical step – the industry’s first-ever plug-in hybrid minivan – come from this automaker.

Pacifica delivers big on many levels including practicality, comfort, and technology. This minivan, and its conventionally-powered counterpart, has come to market with nearly 40 firsts for the minivan segment, plus 115 minivan innovations on these models alone. To enhance fuel economy, Pacifica Hybrid even offers an ‘efficiency coach’ to instruct you for the most efficient driving. As expected there’s is a smartphone app providing charge status, scheduling, and most importantly locations nationwide for charging.

One of many details that stand out on this minivan are  sliding door tracks lines hidden under the rear quarter glass, adding to the smooth and unbroken lines of the Pacifica. The Hybrid has its own unique interior colors combining Black and Alloy with Anodized Ice Cave accents, Ice Blue stitching, and Black piping. The blue stitching on the seats and dash have the look of a luxury sedan or sports car. An 8.4 inch UConnect touchscreen integrates seamlessly into the dash with a glossy screen allowing for higher contrast. The model’s optional tri-pane panoramic sunroof lends a perceived open-air spaciousness to the roomy interior. Hands-free sliding doors and liftgate add to the minivan’s convenience.

Contributing to the hybrid’s weight balance is a 16 kWh lithium battery pack that stows beneath the second-row floor. The only downside is that the gas version’s ability to stow second row seats under the floor is sacrificed since the Hybrid’s battery is now utilizing that space. Creating a flat floor for carrying gear is still possible but requires physically removing the pair of second row seats and leaving them at home. The third-row does ‘Stow-in-Go’ as designed. While the Hybrid seats seven rather than eight like in the gas version, the upside is that the second row seats are captain’s chairs that add comfort and a chauffeur-driven car feeling.

Chrysler initially projected 80 MPGe (miles-per-gallon equivalent) while driving solely on battery power. Official EPA figures now put that electric driving figure at a higher 84 MPGe, with a combined 32 mpg when running in hybrid mode. EPA testing has also confirmed a battery electric range of 33 miles and total driving range of 570 miles, a nice bump up from the 30 electric miles and 530 mile overall driving range the automaker originally projected. Plus, EPA has assigned the all-new minivan a rating of 10 in its Green Vehicle Guide, marking the first time a minivan has achieved the guide’s highest possible rating.

Pacifica Hybrid accomplishes all this even with an extra 650 pounds of weight over the gas variant – 4,943 pounds for the Hybrid compared to 4,330 pounds for the gas model. Chalk that differential up to the Hybrid’s battery weight and unique plug-in hybrid componentry. For comparison, the gas Pacifica delivers 18 city and 28 highway mpg, with a combined 22 mpg. A drag coefficient of .30 contributes to the mileage figures of both versions. EPA estimates the annual fuel cost of gas and electricity combined to be $850.

Pacifica operates in electric mode whenever possible. During our test drive we noticed no change when the electric charge was used up and Pacifica switched to hybrid mode. The Hybrid has an Atkinson cycle 3.6 liter Pentastar V-6 producing an estimated 260 horsepower that’s coupled to a dual-motor, electrically variable transmission (ETV). A one-way clutch enables the motor typically used as a generator to also deliver torque to the wheels, depending on driving conditions. The minivan’s battery can be recharged with a supplied 120 volt charger in 14 hours or in just 2 hours using a home or public 240 volt charger.

The conventional Pacifica is rated to tow 3,600 pounds but towing is not recommend for the Hybrid variant. The Hybrid also has a smaller gas tank at 16.5 gallons compared to the standard 19 gallon tank, although the Hybrid has greater overall driving range. Braking uses standard 13” vented rotors front and rear and ABS. An added benefit with the Hybrid is its regenerative braking that converts kinetic energy to electricity while braking and coast-down, thus adding to driving range by charging the battery.

Manufactures realize that sales are now driven by tech as much as anything on new models. Chrysler engineers and designers have delivered in this regard by offering over 100 standard or available safety and security features. Some highlights are the Pacifica’s 360-degree Surround View camera that includes a bird’s eye view of vehicle surroundings. The model’s Uconnect Theater system offers 7- or 8.4- inch screens while sound systems range from six to 13 speaker Alpine systems or 20 speaker Harman Kardon audio. Six USB ports are standard.

The Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid comes in two models – Premium at $41,995 or Platinum at $44,995. It qualifies for a $7,500 federal tax credit and may qualify for additional state and local incentives that bring its price down considerably, to as low as $34,495 with the federal credit and even lower with other potential incentives.

The 2017 Kia Optima seeks to deliver it all – sleek styling, pleasing ride and handling, and an accommodating cabin with the latest electronics. It also aims to compete with the likes of the Honda Accord and Ford Fusion lines with a choice of gasoline, hybrid, and plug-in hybrid versions within the Optima lineup. The all-new fourth generation Optima introduced in the 2016 model year brought styling and mechanical updates to the gasoline model plus the promise of an updated hybrid and all-new plug-in hybrid for 2017.

Part of Kia Motors’ environmentally friendly EcoDynamics sub-brand, the Optima seeks to provide an environmental edge with each of the vehicles in its lineup. Even the conventional gasoline Optima offers desired efficiency with 1.6-liter four-cylinder turbo, 2.0-liter turbo, and 2.4-liter GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) four-cylinder engine options, with the 1.6-liter turbo delivery up to 37 highway mpg. The 2.0- and 2.4-liter engines connect to a six-speed automatic transmission with Sportmatic shifting, while the 1.6-liter gets a new seven-speed dual clutch transmission (DCT) that improves both acceleration and fuel efficiency.

Kia has improved the Optima hybrid with a new 2.0-liter direct injected four-cylinder that replaces the previous 2.4-liter engine. The new 154 horsepower engine connects to a 51 horsepower electric motor and clutch that replaces the transmission’s traditional torque converter. A larger 1.62 kilowatt-hour, high-density lithium-polymer battery pack fits beneath the trunk floor without compromising cargo space or interfering with the Optima’s 60/40 split-folding rear seats. It is EPA rated at 39 mpg in the city and 46 mpg on the highway

The Optima Plug-in Hybrid uses the same 2.0-liter engine as the Optima Hybrid but adds a more powerful 67 horsepower motor for better all-electric performance. With its 9.8 kilowatt-hour battery pack, the Optima PHEV can travel up to 27 miles on electricity alone. Total range for the model in electric and hybrid driving is more than 600 miles. As in the hybrid, the plug-in’s new battery pack is strategically placed behind the rear seat and tire well to avoid compromising trunk space. Charging the battery takes three hours from a 240-volt charger, or nine hours with a 120-volt charger. It nets 40 combined city/highway mpg and 103 MPGe on battery power.

Optima is available with the latest driver assistance technology either as standard or optional equipment. These include driver aids like a rear-camera display, 360-degree Surround-View Monitor, and a Rear Parking Assist System. Also available are Bi-Xenon HID headlights with Dynamic Bending Lamps and High Beam Assist. Advanced safety systems include Smart Cruise Control, Blind Spot Detection with Lane Change Assist, Rear Cross Traffic Alert, Front Collision Warning System, Lane Departure Warning, and Autonomous Emergency Braking.

The price of entry for the conventionally-powered Optima is $22,200 with the hybrid variant coming in at $25,595. Kia has not yet disclosed the MSRP of its coming plug-in model.

BMW’s 330e iPerformance sedan adds yet another level of refinement to this automaker’s popular 3 Series along with a healthy dose of environmental acumen. The 330e plug-in hybrid combines a 184 horsepower TwinPower Turbo four-cylinder with a 76 horsepower electric motor to not only enable all-electric driving, but also some pumped-up performance. The combination delivers a total 252 horsepower and 310 lb-ft peak torque for short bursts to provide the kind of performance expected of a larger engine. Even though batteries make the 330e about 500 pounds heavier than the 320i, it accelerates from 0 to 60 mph in just 6.1 seconds compared to the conventionally powered 320i’s 7.3 second sprint. Power is delivered to the rear wheels via an eight-speed Steptronic automatic transmission.

The 330e’s 7.6 kilowatt-hour lithium-ion battery is located beneath the trunk floor to minimize impact on trunk capacity. Positioning batteries here also results in an ideal 50/50 front-to-rear weight ratio. Charging the batteries is handled via a chargeport located on the driver’s side front fender. Here, An LED light ring provides information regarding charge status. Charging takes about two to three hours when connected to an optional 240-volt BMW i Wallbox charger at home or to a public Level II charger. Alternatively, the 330e can be plugged into a standard 120-volt wall socket to charge up in less than seven hours.

Multiple driver-selectable settings enable tailoring the 330’s responsiveness and efficiency. A Driving Experience Control on the center console offers Sport, Comfort, and Eco Pro modes, while an eDrive button also allows for three modes for electric driving including Auto eDrive, Max eDrive, and Save Battery. Depending on setting, the 330e can determine the most fuel efficient combination of electric motor and engine power under specific driving conditions, moderate acceleration to conserve energy during low battery periods, or enable all electric driving. When battery power drops below 50 percent, Save Battery foregoes electric power and maintains battery charge while allowing the battery to be charged by the engine. This enables pure electric driving later, for example, in urban areas where zero-emissions are preferred or mandated.

BMW’s 3 Series is an ideal platform for the addition of plug-in hybrid power since this is the brand’s most successful model line, representing about a quarter of the automaker’s worldwide vehicle sales with over 14 million sales globally. The 330e carries on where the standard 3 Series leaves off, adding electrification to a stylish and well-equipped model featuring a driver-centered and accommodating cabin and handsome design.

Of course, the 330e iPerformance is also replete with desired standard and optional on-board electronics. Among these are Forward Collision Warning, City Collision Mitigation, Pedestrian Warning, Lane Departure Warning, and a Driving Assistant system that identifies speed limits and no-passing zone information.

The 2017 BMW 330e is EPA rated at 30 combined mpg and 71 MPGe when driving on battery power, with an all-electric driving range of 12 miles and overall range of 350 miles. It has an MSRP of $44,795 that includes destination and handling.

The Ram ProMaster City compact commercial van and wagon, awarded Green Car Journal’s 2017 Commercial Green Car of the Year™ at the 2016 San Antonio Auto & Truck Show, is ideally-sized for city use where maneuverability and versatility are key. The ProMaster City’s strong suit is offering the hauling and commercial-use capabilities desired by tradesmen, small businesses, and fleets combined with 21 city and class-leading 28 highway mpg. Both van and wagon iterations are powered by a 2.4-liter Tigershark four-cylinder engine with efficiency-enhancing Multiair technology. A nine-speed speed automatic transmission is standard.

Interior space, important in commercial vans, is quite generous considering this Ram's compact exterior dimensions that are in tune with intended use in urban traffic. The floor between rear wheel wells is 48.4 inches, which means the pallets often used in commercial operations can be accommodated. Interior width above the wheel wells is a generous 60.4 inches.

The ProMaster City is equipped with two sliding side doors and rear 60/40 split doors that swing open to a maximum 180 degrees using a release button. The narrower rear door is positioned on the curb side, so curb access isn’t blocked when making deliveries. Access to the ProMaster City’s class-leading 131.7 cubic foot cargo area is simplified with the combination of these side and rear doors. Further functionality is provided with a payload capacity of 1,883 pounds and tow rating of 2,000 pounds.

ProMaster City’s Fiat-developed 2.4-liter Chrysler Tigershark four-cylinder is a rather sophisticated engine, at least by truck standards. Also used in other Chrysler products like the Chrysler 200, Dodge Dart, and Jeep Cherokee and Renegade, the engine features variable valve timing, variable valve lift technology, and a 10.0:1 compression ratio as well as Fiat's advanced Multiair technology. Chrysler is claiming a 0-30 mph time of 3.7 seconds, meaning more than adequate urban performance.

Drivers are provided a standard Uconnect 3.0 AM/FM radio that includes a media hub with USB and an auxiliary input. An optional package adds Uconnect 5.0 AM/FM with a five-inch touchscreen display, GPS navigation, integrated voice command with Bluetooth, and a leather-wrapped steering wheel with audio controls. A Mopar Web Wi-Fi hotspot is optional to accommodate on-the-job connectivity.

Ram’s ProMaster City Tradesman Cargo Van starts at $23,495 with a multitude of work-related configurations available. The ProMaster City Wagon’s price of entry is an additional $1,000.

We’ve been driving our 2016 Honda HR-V long-term test car for just over six months now and have enjoyed our daily experiences with this ‘right-size’ crossover vehicle. Based on the Honda Fit platform, the HR-V won top honors in last year’s 2016 Green SUV of the Year™ program. It impresses for a wide variety of important reasons, not the least of which is its ability to do its job extremely well – and might we add very efficiently – without the need for exotic powertrain technology.

The HR-V is propelled by a 1.8-liter, 140 horsepower four-cylinder that provides an admirable balance of performance and economy, as we’ve come to expect from Honda over the years. This i-VTEC 16-valve engine delivers power through a CVT automatic transmission that’s standard on all-wheel drive model like our HR-V EX-L Navi AWD tester. Unlike many constant velocity transmissions, the CVT in the HR-V has a pleasingly positive feel under both acceleration and braking. To further enhance the driving experience, the HR-V can be switched to Sport Mode, with dual paddle shifters providing more control over the CVT. A six-speed manual transmission is standard fare on front-drive variants with the CVT optional.

When introduced, the two-wheel drive CVT model scored an EPA fuel economy rating of 28 mpg in the city and 35 mpg on the highway, with the AWD version netting a slightly lower EPA mpg rating of 27 city and 32 highway mpg. With our typical efficient driving style we’ve found that we can regularly achieve average fuel economy of 32 mpg. During economical cruising on the highway, the HRV can easily be coaxed into the mid- to upper-30 mpg range.

For those who would like a little help with efficient driving, Honda has incorporated its Eco-Assist technology into the HR-V. Pushing the green ECON button on the dash programs the engine and transmission computer controls to operate at peak efficiency. A visual aide around the speedometer changes color to serve as an alert to indicate when the HR-V is being driven economically. Green is very efficient, light green is good, and white not so good, the latter typically displayed under conditions like hard acceleration.

Considering the HR-V’s compact exterior dimensions, interior space is impressive, particularly in the rear cargo area. With the rear seats folded flat it can swallow up nearly 59 cubic feet of gear, while offering the versatility of Honda’s fold-up rear bottom seat cushions for carrying taller items.

It’s common for most vehicles to offer a split folding rear seat these days, but Honda has taken rear seat versatility a step further with its innovative Magic Seat in the HR-V. In its basic form it functions as a 60/40 split bench that can be folded flat for longer cargo. The Magic Seat, however, can also accommodate taller cargo upright by folding the seat bottom up against the seat back for maximum vertical room. Beyond interior innovations like this, we are also impressed with the overall fit and finish found throughout the HR-V.

Most surprising is the way the HR-V adapts to everyday life. It is unassuming and friendly for those days when you just require transportation, yet fun to drive when you want to really take control and enjoy the driving experience. When driving gets a little more spirited, the HR-V’s solid feel, steering response, and braking performance instills confidence on the road. It accomplishes this without compromising comfort and ride characteristics. This is a vehicle you can drive cross-country with minimal fatigue.

With just over 7,000 enjoyable miles now on the odometer, we’ve found our long-term HR-V compact crossover fulfilling so many missions well, we just can’t imagine life without this in our test fleet. We’re looking forward to many more miles behind the wheel of Honda’s award-winning Honda HR-V. We’ll follow up a bit down the road with some Midwest cold and winter weather performance with the HR-V’s all-wheel-drive system.

Focusing on the unique combination of hard-working functionality and environmental achievement, the Green Car Awards™ at the San Antonio Auto & Truck Show recognize vehicles that do the heavy lifting in real life while also keeping an eye on lower emissions, higher efficiency, and overall environmental improvement. This year, emerging on top for Green Car Journal’s 2017 Commercial Green Car of the Year™ is the Ram ProMaster City, the second year in a row this light commercial vehicle has earned the honor. Honda’s all-new Ridgeline is distinguished as the magazine’s 2017 Green Truck of the Year™.

Along with the Honda Ridgeline, finalists for this year’s 2017 Green Truck of the Year™ included the Chevrolet Colorado, Ford F-250 Super Duty, GMC Canyon, and Ram 1500. Vying for the 2017 Commercial Green Car of the Year™ along with the Ram ProMaster City were the Ford F-250 Super Duty, Ford Transit Connect, Mercedes-Benz Metris, and Nissan Titan XD.The Ram ProMaster City compact commercial van and wagon are ideally-sized for city use where maneuverability and versatility are key. The model’s strong suit is offering the hauling and commercial-use capabilities desired by businesses and fleets while also addressing the efficiency that has a direct impact on the bottom line.

ProMaster City is powered by a Fiat-derived 2.4-liter Tigershark four-cylinder engine that benefits from efficient Multiair technology. Its 178 horsepower is delivered to the road via a nine-speed automatic transmission. The combination provides an impressive 21 city and class-leading 29 highway mpg.

Honda’s all-new second generation Ridgeline returns to American highways with a design that’s more truck-like and refined at the same time. The model’s signature unibody construction delivers a smooth car-like ride unsurpassed in the pickup field, providing the functionality needed by most truck buyers with the ability to carry a 1500 pound load, tow up to 5,000 pounds, and transport five occupants in comfort. Its 280 horsepower V-6 provides satisfying acceleration and 26 mpg highway fuel efficiency.

Green Car Journal editors weigh the merits of all potential vehicles through its vetting process and narrow down the field to five candidates, which are then considered by the Green Car Awards™ jury. Jurors are veteran writers and editors in the light truck field, having served on staff at publications like 4 Wheel & Off Road, PV4, Hot Rod’s Pickups, Hot Rod Vans, Pickups & Mini-Trucks, and Vans & Trucks, plus auto buff magazines including Motor Trend, Hot Rod, Car Craft, Popular Hot Rodding, and others. All have owned and tested myriad pickup and van models over the years, which allows a keen perspective on the attributes and nuances that make for great pickups and vans that serve both personal and business uses.

We live in a day and age when many consumers look to their car not only as a safe form of everyday conveyance, but also as a personal retreat or perhaps an extension of one’s office…with perhaps a dash of dynamic drive performance thrown in for good measure. Our recent drive experience with Volvo’s 2017 S90 T6 along Spain's Costa del Sol illustrated that this sedan answers all such anticipations with a spot-on drop of Thor's Hammer.

What Volvo has accomplished with the all-new S90 over a relatively short development timeline is nothing short of astounding. Simply, the Volvo S90 T6 delivers as promised with a comfortable, safe, quiet, and near-luxury driving experience. It follows the well-received XC90 in Volvo’s total reinvention of its model lineup.  For 2017, Volvo takes its second-generation Drive-E engine technology and performance to the next level, with the S90 powered by a very advanced, high output, supercharged and turbocharged four-cylinder gasoline engine that’s both fuel efficient and near zero emissions.

While most luxury sport sedan buyers seek turbocharged mid- to high-displacement V-6 through V-12 twin cam torque monsters to inject their adrenaline rush, Volvo sees things differently. This automaker envisions a future with turbocharged three- and four-cylinder gasoline engines fulfilling primary drive duties, cogeneration, and plug-in electrification in the near future. And Volvo engineering sees this no later than model year 2018. In fact, international S90 project lead Peter Martens tells Green Car Journal that cylinder count is inconsequential in today’s engine technology. In Peter’s words, “it’s the engine's horsepower and torque output that matters at the end of the day.”

But are four cylinders enough? As my co-driver commented during our test drive: “One would have to look under the hood of the S90 T6 to discover the four-cylinder.” Simply, this efficient engine is a source of exceptional power and satisfying performance. In all truth, the S90’s direct-injected, twin-cam aluminum 2.0-liter engine produces seamless torque. Notably, its use of both supercharging and turbocharging means there’s absolutely no turbo lag up to red line. An eight-speed automatic transmission contributes to the sedan’s overall fuel efficiency.

Producing 316 horsepower and 295 lb-ft torque in the midrange, Volvo’s S90 T6 AWD achieves a respectable 0-to-60 mph sprint time of just 5.7 seconds, quick enough for the majority of drivers in the midsize luxury sedan segment. This efficient powerplant delivers an EPA estimated 22 mpg in city driving and 31 mpg on the highway.

A front-wheel drive T5 variant with a turbocharged rendition of the same mill produces a respectable 250 horsepower/258 lb-ft torque at 2200 rpm. This rivals the specs of many six-cylinder engines on the market today while achieving a desirable 23 city/34 highway mpg. Volvo expects market demand for the T5 and T6 variants will run about 50/50.

While we found the S90 T6 AWD model quite capable during aggressive driving on two-lane country roads, where this sedan truly shines is in long-range highway driving. It’s a luxury midsize rolling lounge with near-sports sedan handling attributes. Surprisingly, we found Volvo’s therapeutic seat requiring no break-in time. Our S90 came with driver and front passenger seating cooled, heated, and equipped with a massage option, arguably the best in the class. Leg, shoulder, and headroom is exceptional front and rear, as is this model’s premium-class fit and finish.

The S90 presents ride quality rivaling that of the best luxury commuters in the industry, thanks in no small part to Volvo’s optionally available rear air suspension, superior hydraulic dampening, and active electronic noise cancellation. It does this well while facilitating a split personality with the kind of sport-like-driving capability required by today’s all-inclusive consumer mindset.

Attention to the road is enhanced by a well-positioned heads-up display, where speed, engine temperature, and more can be monitored without requiring a glance at the instrument panel. The S90’s drive environment is well balanced, leather covered, wood-accented, and high-tech rich, yet intuitive in its operation. Everything is in its place and enveloped in high-end Swedish style and sensible accommodation.

Volvo runs a bit ahead of the trend with perhaps the best-working active safety suite available in the segment today.  As demonstrated through its S90, Volvo continues the company’s historical emphasis on driver and passenger safety by providing its notable active safety features on all S90 trim levels.

The S90’s City Safety feature includes frontal collision avoidance, low-and high-speed collision mitigation, and auto brake engagement, plus pedestrian, cyclist, and large animal recognition. Run Off Road Mitigation senses if the vehicle is about to unintentionally leave the pavement and takes corrective action. With Pilot Assist, the S90 will assist in driving up to 80 mph, but the driver’s hand is required to stay on the wheel in 15 second intervals to ensure driver attention. Yes, we did test this and it worked flawlessly with near dead-center lane keep assist and adaptive cruise control that maintained distance from the car ahead.

First to market in the States is the S90 T6 AWD, followed by the front-drive S90 T5. Later we’ll see the V90 Estate Wagon and the S90 T8 plug-in hybrid. The price of entry for the S90 T5 is $46,950 with the T6 coming in at a base of $52,950. Volvo’s Inscription trim level adds $3,300 to the cost of each. Whichever you choose, the Volvo S90 may well be the bargain of the midsize luxury sedan segment.

Chrysler, the company that literally created the minivan with its Dodge Caravan and Plymouth Voyager models introduced more than three decades ago, now seeks to redefine the segment with its all-new Chrysler Pacifica. So unique is the Pacifica that it merits new terminology from the marketing department to underscore its versatility.

Classified as ‘Multipurpose’ by EPA, Pacifica transcends the traditional role of the venerable minivan with more on its plate than merely taking the kids to school or handling family errands. The Pacifica is now ready to play starring roles previously cast only for trucks, SUVs, or luxury cars.

In part, that’s because the Pacifica brings something to the segment not seen before: style. The model‘s sleek and sculpted exterior is not only wind-cheating but also pleasing to the eye, cutting a sharp image while offering a remarkable drag coefficient of 0.30, a figure low enough to typically be reserved for sports cars.

Image-conscious dads need no longer take a hit on their psyche while driving a minivan to the hardware store. Not that you’d necessarily want to, this amazingly versatile vehicle can carry 64 quarter-inch, four-by-eight foot sheets of plywood in the rear. For a double date night on the town, clear out the construction materials and fold down the Pacifica’s Stow ’n Go seats to provide limo-like spaciousness. In fact, make it a triple date night with the neighbors since the model’s choice of 2/2/3 or 2/3/3 front/mid/rear seating configurations handle the need with little effort.

Notably, while third row passengers typically get squeezed, not so in this vehicle. Third row legroom is 36.5 inches with 38.7 inches of headroom. That compares favorably with the typically roomier mid-row seat that offers legroom of 38 inches and 39.6 inches of headroom.

When it arrives later this year, the Pacifica Hybrid will be the industry’s first plug in hybrid minivan. That’s a pretty big deal since families have been waiting for a hybrid minivan for years with no options in sight. The Pacifica PHEV will feature a 30 mile range solely from its 16-kWh LG lithium-ion battery, with total gas-electric range an exceptional 530 miles. The Pacifica Hybrid is EPA rated at 80 MPGe (miles-per-gallon equivalent) while operating on electricity. The conventionally-powered Pacifica is rated by EPA at 18 mpg in the city and 28 mpg on the highway while driving on its 3.6-liter Pentastar V-6. There are five versions of the standard Pacifica with the Hybrid coming in Touring and Limited trim levels.

There’s more than exterior beauty and functionality to the Pacifica. These themes are also carried through in the interior, with the posh look highlighted in the Limited model’s perforated leather seats, a look that’s right out of a European luxury sedan. The same is true with the rest of the materials selected for the Pacifica with the vehicle offering an upscale look and feel. Cloth seats are standard with leather and premium leather as options. Four interior color choices are offered to accent the 10 exterior colors available, from Jazz Blue Pearl Coat to Molten Silver Metallic.

The Pacifica is as quiet as a luxury car due to its all-new platform that brings class-leading noise and vibration characteristics, something that was also noted by two fellow journalists during our test drives at Chrysler’s Chelsea Proving Grounds. While the Pacifica Hybrid was not available to drive at this time, the standard version tells a lot about the model’s overall performance, exhibiting quite impressive handling for a vehicle of its size and curb weight of 4,330 lbs (the hybrid will weigh in at 4,943 lbs). The Pacifica’s independent front and rear suspensions play a key roles in its cornering and comfortable ride as do the vehicle’s electronic stability and traction controls.

Manufactures realize that sales are now driven by tech as much as any of the traditional buying touchstones of the past. Chrysler designers and engineers have delivered big time by offering over 100 standard or available safety and security features. Among the model’s many notable tech features is a 360 degree Surround View camera that includes a bird’s-eye view of a driver’s surroundings. The Pacifica’s UConnect Theater system offers 7- or 8.4- inch displays with accompanying sound systems featuring six to 20 speakers and brands like Alpine to Harman Kardon. Six USB ports are standard.

Perhaps the most beneficial option is Pacifica’s Stow ’n Go seating that allows the rear compartment to be configured entirely flat for optimizing storage and hauling capability. Aluminum sliding doors are hands-free and the liftgate opens by raising your foot at the rear, both will sure to be favorite options as well. The most practical offering is the model’s Stow ’n Vac, a system hidden in the door that allows for quick and efficient cleaning of the massive carpeted interior without requiring a stop at the car wash. For animal owners there’s even an optional tie-down pet kennel. When removed it also doubles as a kennel for hotel or campsite.

Power comes from a transverse-mounted 3.6-liter V-6 with 287 horsepower and 262 lb-ft torque, a combination that delivers more than adequate performance for two-lane road passing. The coming Pacifica Hybrid is expected to provide 260 horsepower, although the addition of an electric motor with its immediate low-end torque will surely up the performance ante. The conventional Pacifica runs on unleaded regular fuel so there’s additional savings to be had at the pump. Both variants are front-wheel drive and well-balanced with a front-to-rear weight distribution of 56.5/43.5 in the Hybrid and 55/45 in the standard model.

A contributing factor to Pacifica’s performance and fuel efficiency is its use of a nine-speed electronically-controlled automatic transmission and a torque converter clutch. Gears six through nine are all overdrive ranging from 0.81 to 0.48. Translation: maximum fuel efficiency gained by tall gearing that keeps engine rpms low. The Hybrid will have an electronically variable transmission standard with dual-motor electric drive capability and start-stop technology.

Unlike the standard model, the Pacifica Hybrid is not recommended for towing. The Hybrid comes with a smaller gas tank at 16.5 gallons compared to the standard 19 gallon, although higher fuel efficiency will clearly make up the difference. Expect braking to live up to the model’s performance with standard 13 inch vented rotors front and rear plus ABS braking.

The final question for some will be, “Does it fit in my garage?” But of course. Pacifica features a length of 203.8 inches and a width of 79.6 inches. With the foldaway powered mirrors extended the width increases to 90.4 inches. The Pacifica will also fit in most folks' budgets with prices starting at $28,595 and moving up to the high $40,000s. As is customary, pricing for the Pacifica Hybrid will be announced closer to its debut.

Volvo's XC90 T8 SUV – Green Car Journal’s 2016 Luxury Green Car of the Year™ – emerged a completely redesigned model in the 2016 model year, the first time the enduring XC90 has had a complete makeover since 2002. It rose to the top to claim the award at the 2016 Washington Auto Show over finalists that included the BMW X5 xDrive40e, Lexus RX 450h, Mercedes-Benz C350e, and Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid.

Even though immediately recognized as a Volvo, virtually nothing carried over from the previous generation save for some mechanicals. The T8 ‘twin engine’ XC90, the more efficient sibling to Volvo’s conventionally powered XC90 T6, is a plug-in hybrid that uses Volvo's efficient 316 horsepower, 2.0-liter supercharged and turbocharged Drive-E four-cylinder engine. This engine powers the front wheels through an eight-speed automatic transmission.

A 46 horsepower starter-generator motor located between the engine and transmission provides start-stop capability to enhance efficiency. This motor also enables regenerative braking and can provide additional power to the transmission when maximum performance is required. An 82 horsepower electric motor drives the rear wheels. The battery and both electric motors are liquid-cooled. Battery coolant can also be refrigerated under very hot conditions. Volvo’s new XC90 design locates the lithium-ion battery in the tunnel between the front passenger seats, not beneath the trunk as is the case with many PHEVs. Thus, cargo capacity in this seven passenger plug-in SUV is no less than the conventionally powered T6 that has no batteries.

The T8 has several drive modes. Hybrid is the default and uses power from the gas engine and electric motor as needed for optimum efficiency. Pure mode offers all-electric driving, with the AWD mode driving all four wheels on demand. Save mode conserves battery power for later use. In Power Mode, maximum electric torque is provided from start for great acceleration at low speeds with the Drive-E engine taking over at higher speed.

Drivers have the ability to motor exclusively on battery power up to 13 miles according to official EPA estimates with a total gas-electric range of 350 miles.  EPA also rates the T8 at 53 MPGe (mile-per-gallon equivalent) on battery power with a combined city/highway fuel economy rating of 25 mpg during hybrid operation.

The 2016 XC90 is longer, wider, and taller than the previous XC90.  It uses Volvo' s Scalable Product Architecture platform that is destined for most future Volvo models. The XC90 T8 comes in base Momentum, more luxurious Inscription, and sportier R-Design trim levels. All include a two-panel panoramic sunroof, leather upholstery, heated front seats, and third-row seating as standard equipment. The illuminated shift lever is genuine Orrefors crystal, probably the first time any automaker has used real crystal glass in a production car.

A Sensus Connect infotainment system brings tablet-like features and convenience to the dashboard of this Volvo model. This system is said to have more processing power than any iPad with incredibly quick response. The touchscreen uses infrared lasers rather than capacitive touch sensors so the smart, intuitive interface can be used while wearing gloves, or even with a pencil or other object.

Volvo’s entire suite of standard safety systems are included plus advanced driver assist items like Lane Departure Warning, Road Sign Information display, Pedestrian and Cyclist Detection, Pilot Assist adaptive cruise control, and Park Assist Pilot automatic parallel and perpendicular parking. World firsts include Auto Braking at Intersections if another vehicle comes into its path from oncoming or side traffic, and should the car swerve off the road its Run Off Road Design pre-tensions seat belts and crushable supports in the front seats absorb crash forces. Safety is, after all, one of this marque’s longstanding core values and the XC90 addresses this in a big way.

With its very limited edition 918 Spyder and more mainstream Panamera S E-Hybrid – not to mention the coming electric Mission E – Porsche has shown that it takes electrification seriously. The premium automaker’s next step in its electrification strategy is represented by the 2016 Cayenne S E-Hybrid, a move that has brought plug-in hybrid power to its popular SUV model.

The Cayenne S E-Hybrid uses essentially the same components as its Panamera sibling to achieve plug-in capability. There have been some changes, like upgrading this S E-Hybrid model’s lithium-ion battery pack from 9.4 to 10.8 kilowatt-hours. This battery replaces the spare tire found in conventionally powered Cayenne models and allows the Cayenne S E-Hybrid to travel about 14 miles on battery power. Electric-only driving is possible at speeds up to 78 mph before the engine starts and the vehicle operates likes a regular hybrid. E-Power is the default mode so the Cayenne S E-Hybrid always starts on electric power, given sufficient battery charge.

An E-Charge mode modifies charging strategy so the electric motor becomes a generator, enabling the battery to recharge up to 80 percent while driving. This provides adequate battery power for electric-only driving once desired destinations are reached, such as urban areas where zero-emission driving may be preferred. Unlike most regenerative braking systems that are either on or off, the Cayenne S E-Hybrid’s regen system provides some modulation in the brake pedal while slowing down.

The Cayenne plug-in uses a supercharged 3.0-liter V-6 mated to an eight-speed Tiptronic automatic transmission, same as the Panamera. A single 95 horsepower permanent-magnet motor located between the engine and transmission provides hybrid capability. Power is delivered to all four wheels via a limited-slip center differential. The supercharged V-6 and electric motor deliver a combined 416 horsepower.

As expected from a Porsche, the Cayenne S E-Hybrid provides excellent performance, especially considering it is a 5,000-plus pound SUV that can carry 5 people and tow up to 7,716 pounds. It can accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in 5.6 seconds, 0 to 100 mph in 14.4 seconds, and has a top speed of 151 mph. Efficiency is a combined 22 mpg in hybrid mode and 47 miles-per-gallon equivalent (MPGe) during electric driving

All this goodness does not come cheap at a base MSRP of $78,700, but that is in line with what one would expect to shell out for a Porsche. The combination of performance, prestige, and greater efficiency combine to make this an attractive offering for Porsche fans.

Mazda's CX-3, this automaker’s entry in the hot compact crossover SUV segment, aims to provide the style and functionality of a crossover SUV at a price approachable to a great many buyers, beginning at just $19,960. Sporting the unique front grill and fascia that speak the brand’s latest design language, the CX-3 shares its platform and much of its cabin with the 2016 Mazda 2 subcompact hatchback. While both ride on a 101.2 inch wheelbase, the CX-3 is slightly larger in all dimensions than the 2 in keeping with its small SUV mission of optimizing versatility and carrying five people plus cargo.

The CX-3 is comfortable, capable, and responsive, getting its power from a 146 horsepower, 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine. Its SKYACTIV-G engine uses direct injection, variable valve timing, and a high 13:1 compression ratio to eke the most power out of its engine displacement, along the way producing satisfying low-to-mid-range torque and lower emissions while consuming less fuel. The engine connects to a six-speed automatic transmission.

Sport, Touring, and Grand Touring trim levels are available, each with standard front-wheel-drive or optional i-ACTIV all-wheel-drive. Mazda's predictive all-wheel drive system optimizes performance and stability by taking many real-time factors into account like road conditions, steering-angle, temperature, and weather as it intelligently routes power to specific wheels in response to these conditions.

The Mazda CX-3 is available with an array of electronics features including a rearview camera, Smart Brake Support with Collision Warning, adaptive headlights, and headlight control. Mazda Connect comes standard, offering a seven-inch color touchscreen infotainment suite with Bluetooth audio streaming, phone controls, and internet radio like Pandora and Aha by Harmon, all integrated with a commander control knob. Pushbutton start is also standard.

Available as options or with the Touring and Grand Touring trim levels are navigation, Blind Spot Monitoring, Rear Cross-Traffic Alert, head-up display, Bose premium audio with SiriusXM satellite and HD radio, steering wheel-mounted paddle shifters, and LED headlights. When equipped with the Grand Touring i-ACTIVSENSE package, CX-3 packs features unavailable in rival vehicles like Mazda Radar Cruise Control, Smart City Brake Support, High Beam Control System, Lane Departure Warning System, rain-sensing wipers, and auto on/off headlights.

As one would expect with Mazda’s efficient and sprightly SKYACTIV-equipped new models, the CX-3 achieves a welcome 29 city mpg and 35 mpg in the front-wheel drive version, with the AWD model sacrificing just a bit of efficiency with 27/32 mpg numbers. Importantly, unlike most engines with high compression that require high octane fuel, the 2.0-liter SKYACTIV powerplant is designed to run on less expensive regular gas, offering fuel savings that adds up over time.