Batteries remain the electric car’s most pervasive challenge. After decades of research and development plus billions of dollars of investment, an energy-dense and affordable electric car battery remains elusive. Automakers are acutely aware of this as high battery costs can mean significant losses on every unit sold.

Ford is aiming to meet the challenge head-on with a new $8 million battery lab that’s now operating at the University of Michigan. The goal is to develop smaller and lighter batteries that are also less expensive to produce, resulting in more efficient and affordable battery electric vehicles with greater driving range.

The automaker’s existing battery labs focus on testing and validating production-ready batteries. This new effort will address batteries earlier in the development process, serving as a stepping-stone between the research lab and the production environment. The new lab includes a battery manufacturing facility supporting pilot projects, testing, and state-of-the-art manufacturing to make test batteries that replicates the performance of full-scale batteries.

Battery development is in its infancy and this kind of research is critical, says Ford, as is the need for new chemistries to be assessed in small-scale battery cells that can be tested in place of full-scale production batteries, without compromising test results. The automaker points out that in the span of 15 years, the industry has gone from lead-acid to nickel-metal-hydride to lithium-ion batteries, and it’s too early in the battery race to commit to one type of battery chemistry.

 

The challenge ahead was clear when Toyota set out to design the all-new 2013 Avalon: With the median Avalon buyer’s age about 64 and a goal of drawing a much younger crowd from the 35 to 50 age group, it needed to come up with an elegant, well-sculpted, and sportier model that would attract this younger crowd while retaining the model’s traditional buyers.

Toyota’s competitors have been making more vehicles with a quiet, comfortable, and yet somewhat sporty driving feel. The Volkswagen Passat and new Ford Fusion are good examples of this trend. That said, given its class, the Avalon’s primary competition is likely the Chrysler 300, Hyundai Azera, Buick LaCrosse, and Ford Taurus. The new Avalon stacks up well against these.

Designers have done a good job of making the new Avalon more attractive, more aggressive, and yet still elegant while also lending that feeling of being ‘cool.’ The c-pillar is pushed back toward the rear, the roofline is flattened, and the overall design looks leaner and more modern compared with the previous generation. It is part Lexus ES and part Camry, with its own flair. Aggressive lines like a larger front intake and body panels with sharp creases – one running from the front wheel arch and above the door handles to the tail lights – reinforce the Avalon’s new styling direction.

The 2013 Avalon boasts a lower 0.28 drag coefficient through the use of flat under-body panels, more aerodynamic wipers and side mirrors, and other measures. At 3,461 pounds, the new iteration is 120 pounds lighter than the version it replaces and about 500 pounds lighter than its Detroit rivals, making it the lightest weight vehicle in its segment. Even so, the lighter weight Avalon is even more Lexus-quiet on the road than its predecessor.

The new Avalon is available with the latest version of Toyota’s 200 horsepower Hybrid Synergy Drive powertrain and its quick 268 horsepower, 3.5-liter V-6. The hybrid drive is derived from the existing HSD powerplant found in the Camry and Lexus hybrid models, which uses a 2.5-liter Atkinson cycle, four-cylinder engine with an electronic constantly variable transmission (CVT). Power is supplied by a nickel-metal-hydride battery.

We found both the hybrid and V-6 Avalon variants to be responsive during drives on the back roads of Northern California, although the hybrid whined loudly in protest at times on uphill jaunts and during aggressive throttle inputs, with the usual rubber-band CVT effect exhibited during sporty driving. That said, given the Avalon’s size and weight the hybrid was enjoyable in almost all driving conditions, plus we managed a real-life 41.3 mpg on a 20 mile suburban driving route. Both variants do fine driving in Normal mode, but selecting Sport mode provides better throttle tip-in and lends a more buttoned-down feel overall.

From multi-position lumbar support to double sealed glass, capacitive touch buttons, aggressively modernized dash, comfortable rear seat, and roomy trunk, the new Avalon really has a ton going on in comfort, modern technology, and true ease-of-use. Seats are leather across the board, with nicer perforated leather coming with the Limited trim level. Lumbar adjustment really is notable and we were able to find a few good setting that would comfortably accommodate a 6 foot, five inch frame for long trips.

We found the Avalon’s uplevel JBL GreenEdge sound system to be excellent, with the model’s standard audio system also providing very satisfying sound quality. The instrument panel’s capacitive buttons have ‘hockey stick’ indentations so they’re easy to use at just a glance. We also found it straightforward to manipulate settings in the Entune menus, find and use music apps, and also use the navigation screen. There’s been a genuine effort made to make the system easy to learn and use for those unaccustomed to such nifty technology.

Did Toyota get it right with its all-new Avalon? We feel the answer is ‘yes,’ though the focus feels more skewed toward luxury than the sportiness Toyota talks about. Really, that’s what the Avalon should be about – luxury all the time with a sporty nature when you need it. The previous generation Avalon, while extremely comfortable, reliable, and smooth, really lacked in driving dynamics.

Frankly, the previous model was also a bit boring with the feel of a big soft couch. The new Avalon is more like a favored Scandinavian-designed, birch wood accented, orthopedically-correct recliner. In short, it’s a huge step toward bringing an exciting, elegant, and appealing luxury sedan to a younger crowd.

BMW will be debuting its Concept Active Tourer plug-in hybrid concept and clean diesel 328d model at the upcoming 2013 New York International Auto Show. Featuring a three-cylinder gasoline engine and electric motor, the Concept Active Tourer is expected to achieve up to 95 mpg. It features a composite glass roof using suspended particle device technology that allows a driver the ability to darken or lighten the roof at will.

For the near-term, the 328d speaks to the expanding clean diesel movement in the U.S. as automakers increasingly look toward this high-efficiency propulsion technology to meet federal mpg goals and consumer desires for more efficient vehicles.

Powered by a TwinPower Turbo four-cylinder engine, the BMW 328d delivers 180 horsepower and 280 lb-ft of torque, a combination capable of propelling the four-door sedan from 0 to 60 mph in a sprightly 7.2 seconds. Fuel efficiency is expected to be upwards of 40 mpg. Actual EPA estimates will be revealed closer to the model’s launch.

This combination of efficiency and power is important to the brand, as BMW buyers have come to expect performance levels that support the company’s well-known claim, ‘the ultimate driving machine.’ Offering a four-door 328 sedan that accomplishes both well will position the 328d very competitively in an expanding clean diesel market in the States.

Automotive supplier Visteon is among many companies that clearly understand the importance of advanced electronics in future automobiles. The firm recently illustrated this with its e-Bee concept car that envisions mobility in the year 2020.

The eBee concept aims to explore new and alternative ways of using a vehicle from private ownership to car sharing and short-term rentals. It’s set up to take advantage of diverse powertrains including electric and hybrid power, using such innovations as an HVAC (heating/ventilation/air conditioning) system integrating smart energy technology to conserve energy. The system includes an electric compressor, interior pre-conditioning to conserve on-board battery power, and a cooled shopping box in the trunk.

The car’s sustainably-designed interior uses bio-based resin, hybrid natural fiber, and recyclable expanded polypropylene materials that address environmental performance and reduce weight.

The real story of the e-Bee is its advanced electronics…and there’s loads of it on board. Its driver interface includes a main display for journey information with two smaller touch screens on either side of the steering wheel, the latter providing vehicle controls and interaction with social connections. A projected head-down display provides driving information. Images from a 180-degree rear-view camera are shown in lieu of a rear view mirror.

Each occupant has a personal headrest-mounted audio system, door-mounted wireless charging bays for their electronics, and door-mounted control modules to adjust individual climate zones. User preferences stored in the Cloud set a driver’s preferences upon entry, defining the look and layout of the car’s displays and interior colors.

Clip-on modules like cup holders, cameras, and wireless charging devices – known as 'physical apps' – can be added by users to fit their needs and style sensibilities as desired.

The 2014 Infiniti QX60 premium crossover lineup will include a new gasoline-electric hybrid variant, giving this automaker three advanced ‘Direct Response Hybrid’ models in its U.S. lineup. Slated for its U.S. unveiling at the New York International Auto Show, the new hybrid offering will join Infiniti’s Q70 Hybrid – currently badged as the M Hybrid – along with the Q50 Hybrid.

While not necessarily a high mpg vehicle, the new Infiniti QX60 Hybrid still achieves a 24 percent increase over non-hybrid QX60 models, with projected combined city/highway mpg of 26 mpg. That numbers is expected to have the best seven-passenger fuel efficiency in the segment, says Infiniti, with no sacrifice in performance.

Power is provided by a 2.5-liter supercharged engine and 15 kW electric motor that produce a net 250 horsepower, which the automaker claims is equivalent to the power of a 3.5-liter V-6 while providing four-cylinder fuel economy. This power is channeled through an advanced continuously variable transmission. Infiniti’s one-motor/two-clutch system enables either front- or all-wheel drive. Energy is supplied by a compact lithium-ion battery located beneath the third-row seat. Regenerative braking partially recharges the battery.

The QX60 was originally launched as the Infiniti JX35 early last year. It offers high levels of family functionality with three-row seating for seven passengers and appealing styling. Infiniti is making it straightforward for luxury crossover buyers to step up to hybrid power with a reasonable $3,000 premium for the hybrid variant.

Ford’s completely redesigned 2013 Fusion sedan, the most fuel efficient midsize car in America, has been named Green Car Journal’s 2013 Green Car of the Year at the L.A. Auto Show. The Fusion emerged on top of an exceptional field of finalists including the 2013 Dodge Dart Aero, Ford C-MAX, Mazda CX-5 SkyACTIV, and the Toyota Prius c.

Selecting the 2013 Green Car of the Year^® was a jury comprised of the nation’s top environmental leaders including Natural Resources Defense Council president Frances Beinecke, Sierra Club executive director Michael Brune, Ocean Futures Society president Jean-Michel Cousteau, and Global Green USA president Matt Petersen, plus Tonight Show host and auto enthusiast Jay Leno and Green Car Journal staff.

The 2013 Fusion is designed from the ground-up to be a world car with distinctly different fuel-efficient powertrains available. These range from familiar EcoBoost internal combustion engines that use turbocharging and direct injection to eke out greater efficiencies, to a next-generation hybrid variant and an all-new plug-in hybrid version, the Fusion Energi.

You can’t talk about the new Fusion without mentioning its striking good looks. Ford did a stellar job in designing the new Fusion, offering an attention-grabbing body design with a front end that hints of Aston Martin influences. The interior is also well-appointed and intuitive, with an array of advanced electronics either standard or optional. Safety systems now include dual first-row knee airbags and adaptive front airbags that vent and tether to conform to a specific occupant’s size, position, and seatbelt usage.

The 1.6-liter Fusion SE EcoBoost model, which starts at $24,495, is Ford’s first automatic-transmission product with an automatic start-stop system. This shuts the engine off when the car is stopped and seamlessly restarts as the driver releases the brake pedal, and can alone reduce fuel consumption and emissions by about 3.5 percent. The $25,950 Fusion SE with the 2.0-liter EcoBoost engine is mated with a paddle-shifted, six-speed SelectShift automatic transmission and available in front-wheel-drive.

Ford’s all-new Fusion Hybrid SE offers even more content than the outgoing Fusion Hybrid model at a price $1,575 less. It features an all-new 2.0-liter Atkinson-cycle, four-cylinder gasoline engine that’s significantly downsized from the previous 2.5-liter engine, while offering similar performance. The Fusion Energi plug-in hybrid is expected to net more than 100 MPGe overall fuel efficiency.

The all-new 2013 Fusion embraces all the elements important to aggressively raising the bar in environmental performance. Importantly, its approachable price points also mean that large numbers of this sedan will make their way to the highway, bringing meaningful reductions in petroleum use and CO2 emissions along the way.

For the eighth consecutive year, Green Car Journal is honoring environmental leadership in the automotive field with its annual Green Car of the Year award. The winner will be announced at the L.A. Auto Show.

This year’s finalists include the Dodge Dart Aero, Ford C-MAX, Ford Fusion, Mazda CX-5 SkyACTIV, and the Toyota Prius c. This ‘greenest’ field-of-five – representing not only the five finalists for the 2013 Green Car of the Year award but also Green Car Journal’s distinguished ‘Top 5 Green Cars for 2013’ – underscores the evolving auto industry’s increasing focus on efficiencies and tailpipe/CO2 emissions. It's also proof-positive that auto manufacturers are listening to the needs and desires of today's new car buyers. 

Green Car Journal has documented the 'greening' of the auto industry for over two decades, from a time of mere concepts and demonstration programs to today, when the number of environmentally positive production vehicles available to consumers is just short of amazing. And today it's not all about hybrids, which have become the de-facto answer to environmental progress in recent years. The answers being presented by major automakers encompass everything from a growing field of efficient gasoline-electric hybrids to high-efficiency gasoline and clean diesel vehicles, vehicles running on alternative fuels, and cars using plug-in electric drive.

This shift toward diverse 'green' vehicles is significant on many levels, providing excellent new car choices for buyers who want to drive cleaner and more efficiently while still experiencing the joy of driving. It’s also important to the imperatives of today, from reducing tailpipe and CO2 emissions to decreasing dependence on oil and thus enhancing our energy security.

The 'Top 5 Green Cars for 2013' illustrate the growing choices consumers have for going 'green.' The high mpg Dodge Dart Aero and Mazda CX-5 SkyACTIV show that conventionally-powered, internal combustion vehicles can indeed compete with the efficiencies of hybrids. Toyota's Prius c continues this automaker's tradition of offering all-new, high mpg hybrid models under the Prius name. The Ford C-MAX and Fusion illustrate how mainstream models can present drivers multiple high-efficiency choices – with the C-MAX offering both hybrid and plug-in hybrid iterations, and the Fusion offering these power options, plus fuel-efficient EcoBoost variants.

Importantly, all are affordable mass-market products that provide drivers full functionality and mainstream appeal, paving the way for making a difference in fuel use and overall emissions in daily driving. This availability is an important component of the Green Car of the Year program, since vehicles with great environmental credentials can only make a difference in decreasing CO2 and tailpipe emissions, reducing petroleum use, and improving overall environmental impact if they're available for new car buyers to purchase and drive.

The 2013 Green Car of the Year will be selected by a jury comprised of the nation's top environmental leaders, including Sierra Club executive director Michael Brune, Ocean Futures Society president Jean-Michel Cousteau, Natural Resources Defense Council president Frances Beinecke, and Global Green USA president Matt Petersen, plus Tonight Show host and auto enthusiast Jay Leno and Green Car Journal staff.

Which of these ‘Top 5 Green Cars for 2013’ will be selected as Green Car Journal’s 2013 Green Car of the Year? Stay tuned for news from the L.A. Auto Show on November 29,

 

BMW's  Concept Active Tourer, a through-the-road plug-in hybrid, uses a front-mounted engine to drive the front wheels and an electric motor to drive the rear, with no mechanical connection between the two. In most hybrids the output of the engine and motor are combined. The Concept Active Tourer is the first additional application of the eDrive sys­tem used in the i8, which incorporates an electric motor, lithium-ion battery, and intelligent engine control. BMW will use the eDrive designation for all its electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles.

Like BMW’s latest four- and six-cyl­inder engines, the BMW Concept Active Tourer’s 1.5-liter three-cylinder gasoline engine uses BMW TwinPower turbo tech­nology. Even though it has only three-cylinders, BMW claims it is very smooth running even at low speeds and emits the sporty sound expected of a BMW.

The synchronous electric motor can power the car for up to 18 miles exclu­sively on a fully charged battery. It also augments the gasoline engine to provide over 190 horsepower when maximum power is required. BMW expects it will get an impressive 94 mpg, achieved partly through automatic engine start/stop and regenerative braking energy supplied the rear axle during deceleration. A high-volt­age generator connected to the 1.5-engine also charges the battery while driving.

BMW’s Concept Active Tourer has an ECO PRO mode to help reduce fuel con­sumption. When appropriate, it reduces air conditioning and other electrically powered creature comforts to increase fuel efficiency. Linked to the navigation system, ECO PRO mode gives drivers advice on how to reach a destination using minimum fuel. ECO PRO mode also completely shuts off the engine at speeds up to nearly 80 mph, and then decouples the engine from the drivetrain up to 100 mph to make full use of the kinetic energy already generated.

The Efficient Dynamics strategy uses information from the navigation system to optimize electric motor and battery ef­ficiency. For example, it calculates in ad­vance the most suitable driving situations and sections of a route for electric-only operation or to charge the battery. This optimized charging strategy can achieve an energy savings up to 10 percent and thus increase electric range.

While small on the outside, the Tourer is very roomy on the inside. It rides on a long 105 inch wheelbase and has an over­all length of 171 inches. A tall roof allows a raised seating position for an excellent all-around view. Batteries are located entirely beneath the floor so there’s no intrusion into passenger or cargo space.

Will the BMW Concept Active Tourer appear in dealer showrooms? BMW has a good track record for putting concept vehicles into production, so here’s hop­ing.

 

The 2013 ILX Hybrid is an important car for Acura. As the automaker’s first-ever hybrid, it signals an intent to go the way of luxury competitors like Lexus, which has been integrating gasoline-electric hybrid drive into its models for years now, or Infiniti, which has also entered the market with its M Hybrid. Plus, there’s the imperative to attract first-time luxury buyers to the Acura fold, and is there any more powerful way to do this than with energy efficient, environmentally-conscious hybrid?

There’s plenty of advanced technology to draw upon from the Honda camp, and this is just what Acura has done. The Acura ILX is built on the Honda Civic platform, so use of the Civic Hybrid’s 1.5-liter engine, integrated Motor Assist (IMA) electric motor, and continuously Variable transmission (CVT) powertrain is a natural.

In this application changes are made in engine/motor control to provide a driving experience more in tune with that expected by luxury buyers. EPA estimates ILX Hybrid fuel efficiency at 39 mpg in the city and 38 mpg on the highway. Conventionally-powered ILX variants with 2.0- and 2.4-liter engines achieve 24/35 and 23/31 city/highway mpg, respectively.

There are some important differentiators between the ILX and the Civic, as one would expect of an upscale luxury model. The ILX is slightly longer, wider, and lower than the Civic with a sleeker and more aerodynamic design. It also features standard foglights and a rear decklid spoiler.

Its well-appointed interior is sportier than that of the Civic and offers smart-looking instrumentation, a multi-information display, Pandora internet radio interface, a USB port, and an SMS text messaging function. A keyless access system with pushbutton start are standard fare. The cabin is also better isolated from the noisy world outside with thicker window glass, improved insulating materials, and more luxuriously tuned suspension.

Stepping up to the model’s Technology Package adds in a host of desirable features including navigation with AcuraLink real-time traffic functionality and traffic rerouting, a nod to increasing driving efficiency that can save time and conserve fuel. Cabin sounds also improve with a 10 speaker, 415-watt ELS surround sound system featuring XM Radio, CD, DVD-Audio, MP3, DTS player, and 15GB HDD media storage. A HomeLink programmable transmitter is also part of the package.

The five-passenger ILX Hybrid has an MSRP of $28,900, which presents a reasonable gateway to the premium Acura brand. The Technology Package adds $5,500 to the purchase price.

With the greatest growth in the luxury market expected to be with entry-level products, it’s an imperative for Acura to come up with aspirational models that speak to the upscale desires of a new breed of luxury buyers who place value, styling, and environmental responsibility at the top their priorities. We believe they’ve done just that.

The Toyota Avalon has always been aimed squarely at those who enjoy a large and comfortable car. It is Lexus quiet, Toyota reliable, large enough for Americans, and reasonably priced. While a good car, though, the Avalon’s environmental credentials have never been strong. That’s about to change with the all-new 2013 Avalon Hybrid coming to Toyota showrooms later this year.

Toyota has clearly paid attention to the success of high efficiency mid-size vehicles. VW has its Passat TDI that offers 43 highway mpg, and Ford, with the new 2013 Ford Fusion Hybrid, is expected to hit EPA ratings of 47 city/44 highway mpg. Buyers of larger sedans are more environmentally conscious than ever and  Toyota needs those customers to come back, or stay with them. They are banking on the new 2013 Avalon, and the Avalon Hybrid, to help make up the fuel-efficient, midsize sedan ground they have lost.

The 2013 Avalon has been redesigned for today’s green, luxury, and value conscious buyers. It has also been designed to be more youthful, yet still appealing to the Avalon’s traditionally conservative buyers. The new Avalon Hybrid achieves 40 city/39 highway mpg and 40 mpg combined. That’s quite respectable given the size of this vehicle and the big improvement over the gasoline model’s best highway fuel economy rating of 31 mpg.

Power is supplied by a variant of the Toyota Synergy Drive hybrid system used in the Toyota Camry. It  features  a 2.5-liter, Atkinson-cycle four-cylinder engine with a 244.8-volt nickel-metal-hydride battery pack and two electric motor/generators, providing a total 200 system horsepower. A driver can select EV, ECO, and SPORT modes, with the EV mode allowing travel up to a mile on electric power alone at a maximum 25 mph.

Toyota’s all-new 2013 Avalon is significantly improved inside and out, appearing well-prepared to compete in the growing field of highly fuel efficient larger sedans. The North American-designed and engineered Avalon Hybrid will be built at Toyota’s Georgetown, Kentucky assembly plant. Its MSRP has yet to be announced.

 

The Lotus Evora 414E series hybrid that first saw the light of day at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show has now begun testing. This is a move important to proving the viability of its advanced powertrain and other high profile technologies in the Lotus portfolio.

Based on the slippery-looking production Lotus Evora model, the Evora 414E Hybrid is a plug-in hybrid with maximum performance built in. Two EVO electric motors drive the Evora 414E Hybrid’s rear wheels through an Xtrac transmission, providing an enormous 408 horsepower and 738 lb-ft torque. This considerable power-at-the-ready propels the car from 0 to 60 mph in about four seconds and to a top speed of 130 mph.

Primary power is supplied by batteries charged by electricity from the grid. Like the Chevy Volt and Fisker Karma, it uses a range extender engine-generator that produces on-board electricity to power the electric motors for driving beyond its 30 miles of battery electric range. The range extender can also charge the car’s battery pack and, under times of high power demand, supplement battery power for optimum acceleration. Further flexibility is realized by the range extender engine’s ability to run on gasoline, methanol, or ethanol.

The Evora 414E Hybrid brings an array of technologies to the table beyond hybrid power. Among these is a simulated paddle shift gear change function offering the familiar feel of quick gear changes reminiscent of a dual clutch transmission. Drive torque is modulated to simulate the physical feeling of gearshift changes and synthesized engine sound changes frequency with these virtual gear transitions. In addition, a driver can control deceleration through simulated downshifting, which induces varying levels of motor drag as the motors feed electrical energy back to the batteries through regenerative braking.

UK government funding through the Technology Strategy Board has enabled Lotus to also produce a cutaway Evora 414E to illustrate the car’s innovative technology. It was recently on display at the Goodwood Festival of Speed.